Eucalyptus amplifolia and Corymbia torelliana genetic improvement has been conducted in the lower southeastern USA by UF and collaborators since 1980. The collective accomplishments in genetic resources and potential commercial uses are summarized. For example, fast-growing, freeze-resilient E. amplifolia seeds are provided by 1st and 2nd generation seedling seed orchards (SSO) and a 2nd generation clonal seed orchard (CSO), while C. torelliana seed are available from 1st and 2nd generation SSOs. Breeding values (BV) have been developed for guiding the deployment of improved genotypes. Collaborative genetic improvement of these species is ongoing, including testing E. amplifolia in 11 countries and development of hybrid clones. Short Rotation Woody Crop (SRWC) systems may increase productivity and extend uses beyond conventional mulchwood to products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), biochar, and energywood, while other possible applications include honey production, windbreaks, dendroremediation, and carbon sequestration. C. torelliana may be paired with E. grandis in two-row windbreaks to maximum windbreak effectiveness and may sequester as much carbon as E. grandis.

Plant tissue culture is essential for clonal propagation, germplasm conservation, genetic transformation, and genome editing in woody plants, yet these species remain highly challenging in vitro due to developmental recalcitrance, phenolic oxidation, endogenous contamination, seasonal effects, hyperhydricity, rooting difficulty, and strong genotype dependence. Medium formulation is therefore often a decisive factor rather than a routine technical step. This review examines the development, composition, and application of tissue culture media for woody species, emphasizing how specialized formulations emerged to overcome limitations of general-purpose media such as Murashige and Skoog medium. Major woody-targeted media, including Woody Plant Medium, Quoirin and Lepoivre medium, Anderson’s medium, Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut medium, Rugini Olive Medium, Litvay medium, and DCR medium, are discussed in relation to the physiological needs of their target species. Key medium components are reviewed, including mineral nutrients, carbon sources, vitamins, plant growth regulators, organic additives, gelling agents, and pH, with attention to nitrogen form, ionic strength, calcium supply, iron availability, and pathway-dependent plant growth regulator selection. The review further highlights applications in conservation, micropropagation, transformation, and genome editing, and discusses emerging approaches such as statistical optimization, machine learning, nanoparticles, temporary immersion systems, biostimulants, and morphogenic regulators.