Through field observations of living plants and the analysis of herbarium collections, including type material, it is demonstrated that Sanicula rugulosa can be distinguished from S. subgiraldii by several morphological characteristics, including the presence of slightly tripartite basal leaves (vs. deeply ternate leaves), umbellules that typically contain 5–7 flowers (vs. 4–11), 3–8 staminate flowers (vs. 2–3), generally three fertile flowers (vs. 1–3) and a consistently black stylopodium (vs. a whitish or pale green one). Furthermore, S. astrantiifolia and S. hanyuanensis are not essentially different morphologically from S. rugulosa and we, therefore, propose to treat them as synonyms in this study.

Lysimachia porcatisepala (Primulaceae), a new species is s described and illustrated from Chongqing, China. Morphologically, this new species is similar to L. huangsangensis in calyx lobes with crested veins on the abaxial side, but differs from the latter by the whole plant having sparsely white pubescent, stems erect, corymbose inflorescence with 2–10 flowers, calyx lobes with dense light purple marks outside and glabrous inside, and corolla lobes narrowly ovate and the apex obtuse.

Gastrochilus obovatifolius, a new species discovered in the Dabashan of northeast Chongqing (China), is described and illustrated. The novelty morphologically resembles G. affinis, G. balangshanensis and G. heminii in having a glabrous and smooth epichile. but can be distinguished by the unique obovate shape of the leaves, smaller epichile, and flower color. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four chloroplast DNA fragments (matK, psbA–trnH, psbM–trnD, and trnL–F) of 55 Gastrochilus species, support the inclusion of G. obovatifolius in G. sect. Microphylli, being most closely related to G. balangshanensis from Sichuan. The new species is a trunk epiphyte in evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Gelidocalamus albozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of Gelidocalamus, collected from Pengshui County of Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and other eight “gelido-” members of Gelidocalamus. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its leaf epidermal characters were observed in comparison with those of another three Gelidocalamus representatives. Our results show that the new taxon has the typical characteristics of the genus Gelidocalamus, both macromorphologically and micromorphologically. Moreover, it was most similar to G. tessellatus, but differed by a ring of white tomenta below per node, culm sheath base with densely purple verrucous setae and foliage leaf blades mesophyll.

A new species, Lysimachia coriacea, from Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. It is assigned to subgen. Lysimachia sect. Nummularia ser. Paridiformes and resembles L. paridiformis var. stenophylla, but is characterised by smaller leathery leaves with black glandular striations near the margin. It is also similar to L. nanpingensis in its two to three pairs of leaves sub-whorled at the stem apices, but differs by smaller leathery leaves and densely glandular stem, petiole and pedicel, and calyx lobes with sparse black glandular stripes.

Polygonatum binatifolium, from Guizhou, China, is newly described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically most similar to P. cyrtonema in sharing an erect stem, pendulous flowers, glabrous peduncles and pedicels, campanulate, yellowish green perianths, and glabrous, included stamens, but differs by its shorter stems (20–50 cm vs. 50–100 cm), fewer leaves (5–9 vs. 10–15) of which the lowermost two being opposite, fewer flowers (up to 5 vs. up to 14), shorter peduncles (2–5 mm vs. 1–6 cm), shorter filaments (ca. 1.0 mm vs. 3–4 mm) and anthers (1.6–1.9 mm vs. 3.5–4.0 mm), smaller ovary (1.8–2.2 mm vs. 3.0–6.0 mm) and shorter styles (1.5–2.0 mm vs. 1.2–1.5 cm), and smaller berries (5.5–6.5 mm vs. 6–12 mm) and seeds (2.4–3.0 × 2.0–2.4 mm vs. 3.8–5.6 × 2.8–3.6 mm). The species can be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR).