Rhamnolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants that are primarily produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that have gained a great deal of interest for their numerous industrial applications and environmentally friendly properties. In this study, we explored the potential of waste canola oil as a low-cost and environmentally friendly substrate for the production of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa. Four different 23 full factorial designs were used to assess the effect of three independent factors on rhamnolipid production, including carbon source (canola oil and waste canola oil), nitrogen source [(NH4)2SO4 and NaNO3] and production time (7 and 14 days). The highest observed yield was 3585.31 ± 66.24 mg/L when P. aeruginosa was cultured for 14 days with 3% v/v waste canola oil and 4 g/L of NaNO3. The nitrogen source proved to be a crucial factor, as the use of NaNO3 rather than (NH4)2SO4 led to a 30-fold increase in production yield. The observed yield when waste canola oil was used was similar to, and even slightly higher than, that obtained using canola oil. Our results showed that waste canola oil has great potential for use as a carbon source for rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa, thus paving the way for the development of a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly bioprocess for the production of rhamnolipids.

Cellular immobilisation (CI) is a method characterised by restricting the cells to a delimited area while preserving their metabolic, catabolic, and catalytic activities Biodegradation of contaminants is one of the potential applications of CI. Immobilised cells can achieve to degrade the degradation of toxic substances with higher efficiency than cells in a free state. free cells. The aim of this work was to compile the most important aspects of CI as a strategy for the degradation of pesticides. We discuss the main targeted chemical substances, the used microorganisms, materials, and techniques, as well as their advantages, and limitations We highlight increases in the percentage of degradation, greater stability, protection, and tolerance to pesticides when a CI strategy is implemented. Finally, the requirements for deepening our understanding of the involved kinetic, molecular, and transfer processes are discussed, particularly for their application in situ

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, respiratory activity, and biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837. A strategy based on the modification of culture media and aeration conditions was carried out to increase the cell concentration of A. vinelandii, in order to favor and determine its tolerance to chlorpyrifos and its degradation ability. The culture in shaken flasks, using sucrose as a carbon source, significantly improved the growth compared to media with mannitol. When the strain was cultivated under oxygen-limited (5.5, 11.25 mmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹) and no-oxygen-limited conditions (22 mmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹), the growth parameters were not affected. In cultures in a liquid medium with chlorpyrifos, the bacteria tolerated a high pesticide concentration (500 ppm) and the growth parameters were improved even under conditions with a reduced carbon source (sucrose 2 g L⁻¹). The strain degraded 99.6% of chlorpyrifos at 60 h of cultivation, in co-metabolism with sucrose; notably, A. vinelandii ATCC 12837 reduced by 50% the initial pesticide concentration in only 6 h (DT₅₀). Graphical Abstract

Sambucus canadensis is used in traditional medicine mainly in indigenous communities as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, to treat cough, fever and other ailments, however, its use must be validated on scientific bases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of the ethanol extract of Sambucus canadensis in meristem cells of Allium sativum with 5 treatments at concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Two thousand cells were counted per treatment; the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Chi square (X²) (p < 0.05). Root growth was found to be inhibited based on the concentration with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). As the dose and exposure time of the ethanol extract increased, the MI decreased. The NA increased at the highest concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L and these differences were statistically significant compared to the control (p = 0.001). With the results obtained, it can be shown that the species has antiproliferative effects and genotoxic activity on the Allium sativum cell cycle, which can be extrapolated to other types of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, despite being a plant with health benefits, moderate use and low concentrations are recommended to avoid harmful effects.

Currently, many diseases are attributable to intestinal microbiota dysfunction. Therefore, it is desirable to strengthen the consumption of functional foods that benefit intestinal health. This scoping review and scientometric analysis aimed to synthesize the current literature on the metabolism of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and its role as a probiotic in the food industry. A search was conducted on the metabolic pathways reviewed: glycolysis, lactic acid fermentation, fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid catabolism, the purine and pyrimidine pathway, and secondary metabolism (bacteriocine, dextran, acetic acid, B vitamins, and aldehyde). The foods offered by the industry include yogurt, cheese, orange juice, dairy snacks, coffee pulp, cereal bars, and rice bran. The benefits that microorganisms bring to food include improved organoleptic characteristics, shelf life, and functional and nutritional value. They also allow for the creation of a healthy microbial ecosystem that enhances the growth of beneficial bacteria, contributing to the consumer's intestinal well-being. Therefore, they represent a fundamental element at the intersection of science, health, and food technology.