In the present work we consider a numerical solution for laminar, incompressible, and steady oblique stagnation point flow of $\mathrm{Cu}-\mathrm{water}$ nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with mass suction $S$ . We make use of the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model to develop the equation of energy and investigate the qualities of surface heat transfer. The governing flow and energy equations are modified into the ordinary differential equations by similarity method for reasonable change. The subsequent ordinary differential equations are illuminated numerically through the function bvp4c in MATLAB. The impact of different flow parameters for example thermal relaxation parameter, suction parameter, stretching/shrinking parameter, free stream parameter, and nanoparticles volume fraction on the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and streamlines are contemplated and exposed through graphs. It turns out that the lower branch solution for the skin friction coefficient becomes singular in shrinking area, although the upper branch solution is smooth in both stretching and shrinking domain. For oblique stagnation-point flow the streamlines pattern are not symmetric, and reversed phenomenon are detected close to the shrinking surface. Also, we observed that the free stream parameter changes the direction of the oncoming flow and controls the obliqueness of the flow. The existing work mostly includes heat and mass transfer as a mechanism for improving the heat transfer rate, which is the main objective of the authors.

Background: In developing countries, Pakistan is one of the countries where access to health and health-related indicators is a major concern. Their improvement would reduce inequalities among various Communities/Districts or groups of Communities. A Community health index (CHI) in this regard is estimated to explore inequality ratio, inequality slope, and spatial analysis of inequalities among all Communities at regional and geographical levels.Methods: Data from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) survey, Round-VI, 2014–15 were used to construct CHI. The index was constructed in two steps. In the first step, the study indicators were standardized while in the second step, the standardized indicators were aggregated into a single metric by applying non-linear Geometric Mean formula.Results: The inequality ratio of 16.59 estimated for Pakistan was found to be higher than the ratio of Atlanta city, GA (5.92), whereas, a lower slope coefficient was estimated for Pakistan than Atlanta city, GA (0.38 < 0.54). This ratio of disparity was also found to be lower for urban regions as compared to rural (7.78 < 17.54). While the slope coefficient was slightly higher for urban regions (0.45 > 0.43). The results of the spatial analysis revealed different patterns of inequalities. A cluster of healthy districts was found in Punjab province, whereas districts from Baluchistan had made a bunch of deprived/unhealthy districts in terms of CHI scores. Besides, separate maps for all provinces showed that capital districts of all provinces were relatively well-off/developed.Conclusion: The instant results concluded that inequalities in access to health and health-related indicators exist across countries as well as across geographical regions. To reduce or eradicate these inequalities, government and public health workers are recommended to set priorities based on access to composite index.

Uncertainty is the unavoidable part of the life. In almost all circumstances, we regularly find ourselves in a state of uncertainty. Several reasons can lead to uncertainty, such as randomness, vagueness and rough knowledge. Fuzzy set (FS) theory deals with these kinds of information. Many generalizations had been made in the theory of FSs, such as intuitionistic FSs (IFSs), q-rung orthopair FSs (qROFSs), complex qROFSs (CqROFSs), spherical FSs (SFSs), T-spherical FSs (TSFSs), and complex TSFSs (CTSFSs). Among these generalizations of FSs, the CTSFSs are the most dominant generalization of the FSs. Although fuzzy relations (FRs), IF relations (IFRs) and complex FRs (CFRs) were defined in the literature, the concepts of relations have not yet been introduced in the CTSFSs. This paper unveils the novel concept of CTSF relations (CTSFRs), which provides the extensive generalizations of FRs. The proposed CTSFRs can give many generalized types of FRs, such as IFRs, CFRs, Pythagorean FRs, qROFRs, SFRs and TSFRs, etc. Additionally, some useful properties and results are obtained for CTSFRs. Moreover, a couple of applications demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed concepts. These CTSFRs can be used to depict the time-related interdependence of global market. Thus, we apply these CTSFRs to analyze the interdependence of the international trades among countries and compare the financial factors affecting business markets. Furthermore, the economic relationships with respect to time lag can be modeled by using the CTSFSs and the CTSFRs. Finally, a comparative analysis illuminates the supremacy of the proposed way in contrast with the existing ones.

Recently, there has been enormous development due to advancements in technology. Industries and enterprises are moving towards a digital system, and the oil and gas industries are no exception. There are several threats and risks in digital systems, which are controlled through cyber-security. For the first time in the theory of fuzzy sets, this research analyzes the relationships between cyber-security and cyber-crimes in the oil and gas sectors. The novel concepts of complex intuitionistic fuzzy relations (CIFRs) are introduced. Moreover, the types of CIFRs are defined and their properties are discussed. In addition, an application is presented that uses the Hasse diagram to make a decision regarding the most suitable cyber-security techniques to implement in an industry. Furthermore, the omnipotence of the proposed methods is explained by a comparative study.

Technology is rapidly advancing and every aspect of life is being digitalized. Since technology has made life much better and easier, so organizations, such as businesses, industries, companies and educational institutes, etc., are using it. Despite the many benefits of technology, several risks and serious threats, called cyberattacks, are associated with it. The method of neutralizing these cyberattacks is known as cybersecurity. Sometimes, there are uncertainties in recognizing a cyberattack and nullifying its effects using righteous cybersecurity. For that reason, this article introduces interval-valued complex intuitionistic fuzzy relations (IVCIFRs). For the first time in the theory of fuzzy sets, we investigated the relationships among different types of cybersecurity and the sources of cyberattacks. Moreover, the Hasse diagram for the interval-valued complex intuitionistic partial order set and relation is defined. The concepts of the Hasse diagram are used to inspect different cybersecurity techniques and practices. Then, using the properties of Hasse diagrams, the most beneficial technique is identified. Furthermore, the best possible selection of types of cybersecurity is made after putting some restrictions on the selection. Lastly, the advantages of the proposed methods are illuminated through comparison tests.