Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained significant attention for its potential therapeutic benefits, but its safety profile in healthy populations remains underexplored. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the safety of CBD compared to placebo in healthy adults. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 269 healthy adults. The primary outcome was headache, with secondary outcomes including fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and dizziness. The results revealed that CBD use was associated with a significantly higher risk of diarrhea (RR = 5.85; 95% CI = 1.14–30.02; P = 0.03). While there was a trend toward increased abdominal pain and headache, these results were not statistically significant. Fatigue, dizziness, and URTI showed no significant differences between the CBD and placebo groups. These findings suggest that while CBD appears safe for short-term use in healthy adults, gastrointestinal side effects, particularly diarrhea, should be monitored. Further large-scale studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted to confirm these results and explore long-term safety.

Over a billion individuals worldwide lack sufficient amounts of vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin that regulates more than 300 genes. Concurrently, diabetes is a major worldwide health concern that raises mortality and morbidity in a variety of populations. As diabetes is currently a common endocrine condition, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is predicted to rise sharply over the next several decades. Therefore, addressing prediabetes is essential for preventing its progression into diabetes.

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Background: Hypertension is a leading global health concern, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite its serious complications, many patients have insufficient knowledge of the condition, its management, and associated risks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceptions of hypertension among patients attending a cardiology clinic, highlighting misconceptions and knowledge gaps that may influence treatment adherence and disease outcomes. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiology clinic of Liaquat University Hospital, Pakistan, involving 200 patients selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the validated Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HKLS), which includes six sub-dimensions: definition, medical treatment, medication compliance, lifestyle, nutrition, and complications. Normality of the data was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. As the data were not normally distributed, descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Of the 200 participants (mean age: 41 years), the overall mean HKLS score was 14.1 out of 22, indicating moderate knowledge. While 61–64.5% correctly identified the definition of hypertension, misconceptions persisted. Notably, 40% incorrectly believed medication is required only during symptomatic episodes, 67% thought hypertension in older adults does not require treatment, and 79% considered frying a healthy cooking method. Awareness of complications varied, with 70.5% recognizing heart attack risk but only 49% identifying stroke risk. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions regarding hypertension. Targeted educational interventions are essential to improve treatment adherence, encourage lifestyle modification, and inform healthcare policy for better patient outcomes.