Sinter is the main raw material of blast furnaces, and its strength influences its running condition. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive definition of the influencing mechanisms of the strength of the sinter. In this paper, the influences of the quantity and quality of the bonding phase on the strength of the sinter were investigated by changing the sintering parameters, such as the maximum sintering temperature, the binary basicity of adhering fines, holding time at high temperature, and types of core ores. As the maximum temperature increased from 1240 °C to 1320 °C and the binary basicity of the adhering fines increased from 5.0 to 9.0, and the strength of the sinter increased first and then decreased. The strength of the sinter was improved by increasing the holding time at high temperatures and reducing the melt absorbability of core ores. The strength of the sinter was comprehensively influenced by the strength of the bonding phase, the fluidity of the original melt, and the melt absorbability of core ores. There is a multivariate linear relationship between them. Moreover, the strength of the bonding phase had the greatest effect on the strength of the sinter, followed by the fluidity of the original melt, and the melt absorbability of core ores was the smallest.

Biodiesel is a promising green and renewable fuel that can replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of reaction temperature (200–290 °C), residence time (0–75 min), and methanol-to-oleic acid molar ratio (6:1–35:1) on the esterification of oleic acid with supercritical methanol were investigated in a batch reactor. Furthermore, orthogonal experiments were designed to explore the optimal reaction conditions. and the influences of H₂O (0–33.3 wt%) and Fe (0–20.0 wt%) contents were examined. Results showed that the conversion of oleic acid to methyl oleate exhibited a volcano-type dependence on both temperature and molar ratio, peaking at 250 °C and a ratio of 15:1, respectively. Conversion initially increased with residence time, then plateaued around 30 min. Under the optimal conditions of 250 °C, 30 min, and a 15:1 molar ratio, the conversion reached 76.8%. Both additives enhanced conversion at low loadings (≤5.0 wt%). However, higher water content inhibited conversion, whereas the promotional effect of Fe saturated beyond 5.0 wt%. The co-addition of 5.0 wt% water and 5.0 wt% Fe yielded a positive but sub-additive effects: conversion exceeded that with water alone but remained lower than with Fe alone. These findings contribute to advancing the high-efficiency and low-cost production of biodiesel.