Ethanolic extracts of the mushroom species Ganoderma adspersum, Inonotus hispidus, Russula chloroides, and Sarcodon imbricatus were investigated for their polyphenolic contents and biological activities. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) (DPPH) method and their polyphenolic compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Furthermore, the activity effects of mushroom extracts on the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also examined. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of mushroom extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Ethanolic extract of I. hispidus demonstrated the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents, with 227.23±4.96 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 42.14±0.20 quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed for ethanolic extracts of I. hispidus, with 10.687±1.643 µg/mL IC50. HPLC analysis demonstrated that R. chloroides was composed of ferulic acid, gallic acid, and myricetin compounds. The highest GST enzyme activity effect was detected with the ethanol extracts of I. hispidus and S. imbricatus. None of the mushroom extracts demonstrated significant inhibition of the bacterial strains used. These results indicate that I. hispidus may be proposed as a new potential source of natural medicine and its potential may be related to its polyphenolic content, which needs further investigation.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of methanol extracts from the flowers and leaves of Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Reseda lutea on the activity of AR, CAT, GST, and GPx. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant samples were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. Also, the effects of extracts on CAT, GST, GPx, and AR enzyme activities were investigated using kinetic assays. Results: The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected in the methanol extract of D. tenuifolia leaves with 144.49 +/- 0.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/L and 250.485 +/- 0.002 quercetin equivalent/L, respectively. The best activity profile for GST and GPx were observed in the extract of leaves belonging to D. tenuifolia with IC50 values of 121 +/- 0.05 and 140 +/- 0.001 ng/mL, respectively. According to the results, methanol extracts from leaves of R. lutea and D. tenuifolia showed no significant activity potential on AR. Moreover, none of the studied extracts demonstrated any reasonable CAT activation potential. Conclusion: The results indicated that leaves of D. tenuifolia had good effect on the antioxidant enzymatic defense system, which it makes it a good constituent of the daily diet.

Clitocybe mushrooms have long been recognized for their various therapeutic potential and medicinal properties. A few members of the genus are considered edible and many others are poisonous. This study investigated the ethanolic extracts obtained from C. nebularis (CN) and I. geotropa (IG) mushrooms for phenolic content and antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities. The data from ultra-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the mushrooms were presented for the first time. According to the results, both ethanolic extracts contain high levels of phenolic (catechin, myricetin, quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid) compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results may suggest the presence of clitopycin in CN extract. The ethanol extract of CN scavenged about 79% and the IG 78% of the free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals. Additionally, the CN and IG extracts inhibited glutathione-S-transferase by 10%–18% at all concentrations. The CN extract effectively inhibited aldose reductase by 30%–80% at all concentrations. Besides, the CN extract showed promising antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines. On the other hand, CN and IG extracts displayed inhibitory effects on some multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and effectively inhibited biofilm production. The obtained results showed that C. nebularis and I. geotropa extracts presented inhibition of biofilm production. Therefore, C. nebularis was demonstrated to be a potential source of natural medicine.

The study analyzed extracts from two mushroom species, Lycoperdon molle and Apioperdon pyriforme, for their phenolic and flavonoid compound contents, antioxidant capacities, enzyme activities, and cytotoxic effects against human colorectal and breast cancer cells. LM extract was found to contain higher levels of phenolic compounds, including catechin, gallic acid, and myricetin. While AP extract had a higher concentration of gallic acid. Both extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, with LM showing slightly higher DPPH radical scavenging rates. However, their activities were weaker compared to standard antioxidants like gallic acid and quercetin. Enzyme assays revealed that both extracts inhibited CAT activity, activated GPx activity, and induced SOD activity. LM extract also inhibited GST activity, while AP extract showed activation at a certain concentration. In terms of cytotoxicity against cancer cells, LM extract displayed greater efficacy than AP, with lower IC50 values for both HT-29 colon cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Overall, the study highlights the potential differential bioactive properties of LM and AP extracts, with LM demonstrating stronger antioxidant and anti-cancer effects.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, L. delicius ve L. salmonicolor mantarlarından elde edilen etanollü özütlerin fenolik içerikleri ve antioksidan enzim aktivitelerine olan etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mantar özütlerinin fenolik bileşiklerinin miktarı Folin-Ciocalteu, Alüminyum klorür kolorimetrik ve Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografi (YPSK) yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, mantar özütlerinin antioksidan aktivite tayini DPPH yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte mantarların etanollü özütlerinin glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) ve katalaz (CAT) enzimleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Elde edilen sonuçlar, L. delicius mantarından elde edilen etanollü özütün L. salmonicolor’a göre daha yüksek oranda fenolik bileşik içerdiğini ve antioksidan kapasitesinin de daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir.