Cattle farming can promote diarrheal disease transmission through waste, effluents or cattle fecal matter. The study aims to characterize the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from cattle feces, manure in the composting process and slurry, collected from four cattle markets in Ouagadougou. A total of 585 samples (340 cattle feces, 200 slurries and 45 manures in the composting process) were collected from the four cattle markets between May 2015 and May 2016. A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), namely 16-plex PCR, was used to screen simultaneously the virulence genes specific for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). DEC was detected in 10.76% of samples. ETEC was the most prevalent (9.91%). STEC and EAEC have been observed with the same rate (0.51%). ETEC were detected in 12.64% of cattle feces, in 6.66% of manure in the composting process and in 5% of slurry. STEC were detected in 0.58% of cattle feces and in 2.22% of manure in the composting process. EAEC was detected only in 1% of slurry and in 2.22% of manure in the composting process. ETEC strains were identified based on estIa gene and/or estIb gene and/or elt gene amplification. Of the 58 ETEC, 10.34% contained astA, 17.24% contained elt, 3.44% contained estIa and 79.31% contained estIb. The two positive EAEC strains contained only the aggR gene, and the third was positive only for the pic gene. The results show that effluent from cattle markets could contribute to the spreading of DEC in the environment in Burkina Faso.

Background: This study aimed to characterize and test the antimicrobial susceptibility of Lactococcus lactis isolated in endodontic infections in Burkina Faso. Material and methods: This was a prospective study conducted at the Municipal Oral Health Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from June to October 2014. Clinical data were collected using a questionnaire form. The method of streaking on selective medium was used to isolate bacteria. Identification was made using the API 20 Strep gallery. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the diffusion method on solid medium. Results: One hundred and twenty-five (125) patients were received with a significant proportion from the age group of 19 to 40 years (55.2%). Apical periodontitis accounted for 50.4% and cellulitis for 49.6% of cases. Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis was identified in five exudate samples. Isolates were 100% resistant to cefixime and metronidazole, 80% to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and 60% to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid. A multidrug resistance of more than three families of antibiotics was noticed. No strains produced extended spectrum ß-lactamases. Conclusion: Lactococcus lactis is part of endodontic biofilm. The reported strong antibiotic resistance involving endodontic therapy will focus on the effect of the disinfectant solution and the mechanical action of the canal instruments.

Food-borne diseases represent a public major health problem, and drink-water, juice, meat, and milk products are usually involved. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from dairy products consumed in Burkina Faso. Five hundred and twenty-two samples were gathered. Escherichia coli were isolated using Standard Microbiological Methods. A 16-plex polymerase chain reaction for virulence associated genes was applied. The standard disc diffusion methods were used to assess the susceptibility to 31 antibiotics. Classes 1, 2, 3 integrons were categorized using PCR. Results showed 1.92% (10/522) of milk products was contaminated by diarrheagenic E. coli. Enterotoxinogenic E. coli was found in 4.45% (4/89) of curds, 3.4% (3/88) of pasteurized milk, and 1.15% (1/87) of "déguè". Also, "déguè" was contaminated at 2.3% (2/87) by atypical enteropathogenic E. coli. Antibiogram susceptibility showed that pathogenic isolated resists mainly to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, nalidixic acid, sulfonamide, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. Only the class 1 integrons was detected in 80% of diarrheagenic E. coli. Among this class 1 integrons, 4 strains contains a variable region, and the subsequent result showed a presence of dfrA7 gene coding for trimethoprim resistance. It appears in this study that dairy products are contaminated by enteropathogenic and enterotoxinogenic E. coli, which are resistant to antibiotics frequently used. This study therefore recommends the training of milk products transformers.

Street vended foods are developed in West African countries offering a variety of meals to populations. Attiéké is a local popular street vended food widely consumed in Burkina Faso. Street food vending is operated by actors without knowledge of good hygienic practices leading to foodborne infections. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate on behaviors of vendors and consumers of attiéké in three main cities of Burkina Faso. Surveys were performed on vending sites with face-to-face interviews of 300 vendors and 500 consumers. The results revealed the major presence of women (88.67%) in attiéké vending in public areas. Most vendors (68%) do not respect good hygienic practices during food handling. In addition, consumers, mostly consisted of men (57.40%) are not aware of vending conditions and even less of their own hygienic behavior. Regarding the socio-economic importance of attiéké and its role in foodborne illnesses, vendors should be regularly trained and retrained to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks. Similarly, this sector needs to be better organized, by using a holistic approach that involves all the actors.

Collective catering can expose many consumers to foodborne and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria but is poorly monitored in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the microbiological quality of 159 ready-to-eat meals served in university, hospital-adjacent, and industrial canteens in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and the virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Genes were detected by PCR and susceptibility by disk diffusion. Under criteria adapted from those for cooked ready-to-eat dishes, 70.4% and 50.3% of meals were unsatisfactory for coagulase-positive staphylococci and E. coli, respectively (38.4% for staphylococci under UK Health Protection Agency guidelines). E. coli isolates carrying astA as the sole virulence gene (n = 50) were recovered from 44 meals (27.7%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (estIa) from five meals; aggR and pic were not detected. The exfoliative toxin A gene eta was detected by PCR (not sequenced) in 73 S. aureus isolates from 51 meals; none carried mecA or sea–see. Multidrug resistance affected 76.0% of astA-positive E. coli and 73.9% of S. aureus isolates (68.0% and 65.2%, excluding presumptive phenotypes). In E. coli, bla_SHV (81.8%), bla_{CTX-M−1 group} (27.3%), and bla_TEM (25.5%) predominated. These findings indicate inadequate microbiological control and warrant AMR surveillance across the food chain.