Background: The association of physical activity (PA) and lung function (LF) varies from no measurable effect to delayed LF decline. We assessed the association between accelerometery-assessed PA and LF in a sample of apparently healthy, community-dwelling subjects. Methods: We included two cross-sectional studies using data from the PneumoLaus study (2014–17 and 2018–21), conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. PA was assessed by accelerometry and categorised as inactivity, light, moderate or vigorous. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), forced volume capacity (FVC) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) were measured by spirometry and expressed in percentage of predicted value (PV). Results: Overall, 1′910 (54.7% women, 62.0 ± 9.7 years) and 1′174 (53.4% women, 65.8 ± 9.5 years) participants were included in the first and the second surveys, respectively. In both surveys, moderate and vigorous PA showed a weak but significant correlation with FEV₁ in percentage (PV) (R = 0.106 and 0.132 for the first and 0.111 and 0.125 for the second surveys, p < 0.001). Similar correlations with FVC (p < 0.001) were found. Associations held irrespective of smoking status and remained after multivariable adjustment. Fewer associations were detected between LF and light PA or between MMEF and PA. Conclusion: Moderate and vigorous intensity PA are associated with increased LF regardless of smoking status in apparently healthy community-dwelling European population. These associations are statistically but not clinically significant due to the small correlation coefficients (R < 0.30), corresponding to a weak association.

Background: Recent evidence identified exposure to particulate matter of size ≤2.5 µm (PM_2.5) as a risk factor for high prevalence of small airway dysfunction (SAD). We assessed the prevalence of SAD in a European region with low air pollution levels.Methods: SAD was defined as a maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) <65% of predicted value (PV) or MMEF <lower limit of normal (LLN) measured by spirometry in the Swiss PneumoLaus cohort. We performed bivariate and multivariable analysis with MMEF criteria, age, sex, body mass index, respiratory symptoms and smoking status. Mean PM_2.5values were obtained from a Swiss national database.Results: Among 3351 participants (97.6% Caucasian, 55.7% female sex, mean age 62.7 years), we observed MMEF <65% PV in 425 (12.7%) and MMEF <LLN in 167 (5.0%) individuals. None of the participants had both MMEF <LLN and ≥65% PV. MMEF <65% PV and MMEF <LLN were significantly associated with age, smoking status, cough, sputum and dyspnoea, whereas a positive association with MMEF 65 years only. In an area where ambient PM_2.5concentration was <15 µg·m⁻³during the observation period (2010 and 2020), ≥72% of participants with SAD were ever-smokers.Conclusions: The observed low prevalence of SAD of 5.0–12.7% depending on criteria employed may be related to lower PM_2.5exposure. Smoking was the main factor associated with SAD in an area with low PM_2.5exposure. Employing a MMEF threshold <65% PV carries a risk of SAD overdiagnosis in elderly individuals.

Introduction: Mental health disorders figure among the many comorbidities of obstructive respiratory diseases. The multisystemic characteristics of chronic respiratory disease and its impact on quality of life could affect depressive and/or anxiety disorders. We aimed to evaluate the association of spirometric indices, ventilatory disorders, and self-reported respiratory diseases with psychiatric disorders considering potential confounders. Methods: We analysed data from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a Swiss population-based cohort study, consisting of 2’774 participants (56% women; mean age: 62.3 (standard deviation = ±9.9) years) who performed spirometry and completed semi-structured psychiatric interviews. We defined ventilatory disorders using GLI-2012 references. Major depressive episode (MDE) and anxiety disorders were defined using the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual). Results: 630 subjects (22.7%) presented a recent MDE. Reversible obstructive ventilatory disorders were associated with recent MDE (OR = 1.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.10–3.43) and recent anxiety disorders (2.21 [1.16–4.22]) only in unadjusted model. Self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) and asthma were associated with MDE with ORs of 2.49 (95% CI, 1.19–5.27) and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.04–2.35) after adjustment, respectively. Possible restrictive ventilatory impairment was positively associated with recent anxiety disorders (OR = 2.46, 1.10–5.51). Z-scores of FEV1, FVC, and maximal mid-expiratory flow were not associated with psychiatric disorders. There was no association between ventilatory disorders and MDE in adjusted models. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional population-based study, the association between respiratory disorders and depressive disorders was observed for self-reported COPD and asthma, but not with objective diagnoses based on spirometry. Lung volumes are not associated with psychiatric disorders. Further prospective studies will be necessary to understand the significance of the association.

Available data are limited concerning long‐term lung function (LF) evolution after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in lung transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on long‐term LF in LT recipients. We analyzed spirometry results of LT recipients followed at our institution (March 2020 to July 2022) at 3, 6, and 12 months after first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Overall, 42 LT patients of our cohort (70%) with COVID‐19 were included for long‐term LF analysis. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) declined significantly at 3 months (−4.5%, −97 mL, 95% CI [−163; −31], p < .01), but not at 6 and 12 months (−3.9%, −65 mL, 95% CI [−168; +39], p = .21). Results were quite similar for the forced vital capacity. Spirometry values declined significantly at 3 months after COVID‐19 in LT recipients, presented a mixed decline at 6 months, and no significant decline at 12 months. image

Introduction: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) may be an early sign of cardiopulmonary overload due to small airway mucosal thickening or be related to the oxidative stress characteristic of cardiovascular diseases. A high prevalence of SAD coexisting with chronic heart failure may be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. We analysed the association between SAD and cardiac conditions in the PneumoLaus study.Methods: PneumoLaus is based on the Swiss general urban population cohort CoLaus|PsyCoLaus. SAD was defined by maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) before bronchodilatation <65% predicted or MMEF<lower limit of normal (LLN) based on GLI-2012. Self-reported cardiac events were defined as new occurrence of any cardiac condition since baseline analysis (approximately 10 years before spirometry). Adjudicated cardiac conditions correspond to the confirmed diagnosis in the local medical record. We performed analyses with SAD criteria adjusted for age, sex, smoking duration, smoking status and body mass index (model 1). A second model was additionally adjusted for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).Results: Among 3342 subjects that underwent spirometry, 473 (14.2%) reported a new cardiac condition. SAD defined as MMEF<65% predicted or MMEF<LLN was associated with self-reported cardiac conditions (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05–1.82 and OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07–2.40) for model 1). This association persisted for SAD defined MMEF<LLN after adjustment for NT-proBNP. Adjudicated cardiac conditions were associated with SAD (defined as MMEF<LLN) in the unadjusted model and in model 1 (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.05–3.27).Conclusions: SAD defined as MMEF<LLN was associated with self-reported and adjudicated cardiac conditions.

Background: Iron metabolism and its relationship to lung volumes remains poorly understood, with inconsistent findings reported across the literature. We analysed the association of markers of inflammation and iron metabolism with lung function in a large population-based cohort. Methods: PneumoLaus is a sub-study of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, an ongoing prospective observational study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Within PneumoLaus, participants performed spirometry and blood sampling at two time points (baseline, 2014–2017; follow-up (FU), 2018–2021). The associations between ferritin and transferrin using BRINDA correction with spirometric values were assessed by Pearson correlation. We performed multivariable linear regressions using spirometry values as dependent variable adjusted for main confounders. Results: 3102 (women, 56%) and 1989 (women, 55%) participants were included at baseline and FU, respectively. In both surveys, ferritin levels were not associated with FEV1, FVC and MMEF, even using the adjusted model. A weak negative association was observed only at FU in women with FEV1 and FVC. In both surveys, transferrin was negatively associated with FEV1 and FVC (standardised β coefficients −0.061 to −0.102, p < 0.001) in all subjects and in women. In the adjusted model, FEV1 is reduced by 47 to 59 mL and FVC by 63 to 71 mL for 1-SD increase of transferrin levels. Transferrin saturation was not associated with spirometric values. Conclusions: In this population-based cohort, we observed no reproductible association between ferritin levels and spirometric values. However, transferrin levels were negatively associated with FEV1 and FVC, suggesting that iron metabolism, particularly the requirement for iron in the organism, is linked to reduced lung volumes. Trial registration: Not required. This study is not a clinical trial. This is a population based observational study. The approval number reference 16/03 13403,13405bis, 134052to5 addenda 1to4. For other approvals, see the section dedicated to page 26 and 27.