Premarital sex is voluntary sexual intercourse between unmarried persons. Prevalence and factors associated with premarital sexual practice in the study area are lacking. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and to identify factors associated with premarital sexual practice among Debretabor high school youths. The prevalence of premarital sex among Debretabor town high school youths was 22.5% of which 63.9% of them were males. Among those high school youths, the majority (60.2%) had their first sexual intercourse at the age of 15–19 years. The main reason for initiation of sexual intercourse was due to fell in love which accounts 48.1%, followed by sexual desire 22.2%. Predictors that are risk for premarital sex were youths who did not attend religious education [AOR = 7.4, 95% CI (3.32, 16.43)], having boy or girl friends [AOR = 9.66, 95% CI (4.80, 19.43)], drinking alcohol every day [AOR = 9.43, 95% CI (2.86, 31.14)] and less than twice a week [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI (1.22, 5.21)], watching pornography film [AOR = 5.15, 95% CI (2.56, 10.37)] and youths came from rural residing families [AOR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.27, 0.96)].

Background: Despite the high economic and mortality burden of chronic kidney disease, studies on survival and predictors of mortality among patients on hemodialysis in Ethiopia especially in the Amhara region are scarce considering their importance to identify some modifiable risk factors for early mortality to improve the patient’s prognosis. So, this study was done to fill the identified gaps. The study aimed to assess survival and predictors of mortality among end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2020/2021. Method: Institution-based retrospective record review was conducted in Felege Hiwot, Gonder, and Gambi hospitals from March 5 to April 5, 2021. A total of 436 medical records were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A life table was used to estimate probabilities of survival at different time intervals. Multivariable cox regression was used to identify risk factors for mortality. Result: Out of the 436 patients 153 (35.1%) had died. The median survival time was 345 days with a mortality rate of 1.89 per 1000 person-days (95%CI (1.62, 2.22)). Patients live in rural residences (AHR = 1.48, 95%CI (1.04, 2.12)), patients whose cause of CKD was hypertension (AHR = 1.49, 95%CI (1.01, 2.23)) and human immune virus (AHR = 2.22, 95%CI (1.41, 3.51)), and patients who use a central venous catheter (AHR = 3.15, 95%CI (2.08, 4.77)) had increased risk of death while staying 4 h on hemodialysis (AHR = 0.43, 95%CI (0.23, 0.80)) decreases the risk of death among chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. Conclusions: The overall survival rate and median survival time of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis were low in the Amhara region as compared with other developing Sub–Saharan African counties.

Civil servants are disposing individuals to sedentary lifestyle and, may lead to overweight and obesity. Thus, the purpose of the study was to identify factors associated with overweight and obesity among employees in Ethiopia ministries. Respondents who were age 45 years and above [AOR = 11.56, 95% CI 3.75–35.56], 35–44 years [AOR = 11.17, 95% CI 3.89–32.06] and 25–34 [AOR = 3.08 95% CI 1.07–8.83] were more likely to be overweight/obesity as compared to those who were in age category of 18–24 years. The study also found that ever alcohol consumption [AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.23, 4.16] was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity as compared to non-consumers. Another risk factor was adult who did not practice ten minutes’ walk per day, more likely to overweight and obesity [AOR = 11.28, 95% CI 5.96–21.36] as compared to the counter parts. Similarly, participants who did not involve physical activity (sport) [AOR = 2.42% 95% CI 1.36–4.30] were 2.42 times more likely to overweight and obesity as compared to those who had physical activity. Sector-wise occupational health program should be developed in work placed to decrease identified risk factors.

Malaria has long been a global health priority, particularly in Eastern Africa, where it remains the leading cause of child mortality and a significant barrier to socioeconomic development. Despite extensive control efforts, ineffective programs, limited treatment access, and low distribution of artemisinin-based combination therapy, contribute to the persistent challenges. Understanding malaria trends is crucial for evidence-based prevention and control strategies. The objective of the study was to estimate the trend in malaria incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Eastern Africa Region, from 1990 to 2021. This study is part of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. The burden of malaria was assessed using age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates, stratified by age, sex, and countries. Annual and total percentage changes were calculated to evaluate Long-term trends. Line graphs were used to compare disease burden by age and gender over time. Malaria incidence, mortality, prevalence and DALYs declined significantly in Eastern Africa region from 1990 to 2021. The rate of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs of malaria in Eastern Africa decreased by 54%, 61.8%, 62%, and 63.8%, respectively. However malaria burden remained highest among children under five, with DALYs peaking in neonates aged 7–27 days. In 2021, South Sudan had the highest age-standardized incidence and prevalence rate whereas Uganda recorded the highest malaria mortality and DALY rate. The Comoros showed significant declined in malaria burden, whereas Ethiopia experienced an increases in all metrics from 1990 and 2021. Child underweight and stunting were the major risk factors for malaria-related DALYs and deaths in 2021. Despite overall progress, malaria remains a major health threat in Eastern Africa nations, with the three leading countries in the region being South Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda. The highest disease burden persists among neonates aged 7–27 days, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions.