Forward head posture measurement can be conducted using various methods and instruments. The selection of the appropriate method requires the factors of validity and reliability to be considered. This systematic review reports on the reliability and validity of the non-radiographic methods examined for measuring forward head posture. The review identified relevant studies following a systematic search of electronic databases. The studies were assessed for quality by two independent reviewers using a critical appraisal tool. The studies’ data were extracted and assessed, and the results were synthesized qualitatively using a level of evidence approach. Twenty-one studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Both reliability and validity were investigated for five studies, whereas reliability only was investigated for 17 studies. In total, 11 methods of forward head posture measurement were evaluated in the retrieved studies. The validity of the methods ranged from low to very high. The reliability of the methods ranged from moderate to excellent. The strongest levels of evidence for reliability support the use of classic photogrammetry. For validity, the evidence is not conclusive. Further studies are required to strengthen the level of evidence on the reliability and validity of the remaining methods. It is recommended that this point be addressed in future research.

Background/Objectives: This study examined whether adding trunk neuromuscular training to knee-focused rehabilitation offers additional pain reduction in adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and sway-back posture. The study also assessed effects on muscle strength, knee range of motion, and postural alignment. Methods: Thirty adults with symptomatic knee OA and sway-back posture were randomized to knee-focused rehabilitation (KNEE; n = 15) or the same intervention with added trunk neuromuscular exercises (KNEE-CORE; n = 15). Twenty-four participants completed the study and were included in the analysis (12 per group). Both groups completed 12 supervised sessions, twice weekly. Outcomes included pain, muscle strength, knee range of motion, and postural alignment. Results: Both interventions resulted in substantial pain reduction. By session 6, pain decreased from 7.67 ± 1.07 to 3.75 ± 1.06 in KNEE and from 7.42 ± 1.68 to 1.58 ± 0.67 in KNEE-CORE, with a significant group-by-time interaction favouring KNEE-CORE (β = −1.92, 95% CI −2.80 to −1.04; p < 0.001). By session 12, pain was low in both groups (0.92 ± 0.67 and 0.17 ± 0.39), and the difference in change from baseline was no longer significant (p = 0.378). No consistent additional benefits were observed for knee range of motion or muscle strength. Some postural outcomes favoured KNEE-CORE, but these findings were exploratory. Conclusions: Trunk neuromuscular training accelerated early pain reduction but did not produce a clearly greater overall reduction by the end of treatment. Proximal neuromuscular training may influence the timing of symptomatic response rather than the final level of improvement.