Patients with hematological malignancies experience severe immune dysfunction due to the impact of intensive chemotherapy and the impairment of hematopoiet

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematological malignancy, and understanding the factors influencing prognosis and survival is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing the prognosis and survival of MM patients by comparing the International Staging System (ISS) with the Revised ISS (R-ISS). MM patients treated and followed up between 2015 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to ISS staging, 21.4% of patients were categorized as Stage 1, 30% as Stage 2, and 48.6% as Stage 3. Similarly, the R-ISS system revealed 14.3% as Stage 1, while 42.9% were Stage 2, and 42.9% were Stage 3. These findings indicate that the two systems provide differing stage distributions, which could impact prognosis evaluation. Mortality occurred in 58.6% of patients during the follow-up period, highlighting the severity of the disease in later stages. Further analysis revealed that higher levels of red cell distribution width (RDW), phosphorus content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and beta-2 microglobulin levels were significantly associated with mortality, emphasizing their potential as markers of poor prognosis. In particular, ISS Stage II and III, R-ISS Stage III, along with elevated RDW, total protein, phosphorus, and LDH, were identified as independent prognostic factors. These results suggest that while both staging systems offer valuable insights, specific biomarkers play a crucial role in refining prognostic accuracy. In conclusion, while the ISS system appears to provide more meaningful staging information in this cohort compared to R-ISS, integrating additional biomarkers like RDW and LDH could enhance the prediction of patient outcomes.

Background: The increase in the incidence of malignancies globally, and the increase in the usage frequency and types of new anti-cancer drugs, have made onconephrology more important in our clinical practice. Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis constitutes an important part of this approach as well. Purpose: The association of AML-nephrotic syndrome is relatively less defined in the literature compared to other hematological malignancies. Case presentation: In this article, we present a case of acute myelocytic leukemia in a patient who was diagnosed with minimal change disease many years ago. Discussion and Conclusion: Hematological malignancies-MCD association, is one of the best described examples of paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis. We know that cancer can be clinically diagnosed years after the detection of renal disease in paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis. In this case; rationality of follow-up, not only during the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis but also periodically in the long term, especially in clinical situations such as MCD that occur in geriatric patients, should be discussed.

Hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus, in sensitive tissues such as the kidney, can cause dysfunction by damaging the blood vessels. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, play a significant role in the degradation of proteins and angiogenesis; while epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the recovery of damaged tissues. Herein, we investigated the relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 / EGFR in the kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced Wistar male rats. We also examined the effects of resveratrol known as a strong tissue-protective on these changes. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and trans-resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal) was used for treatment. Rats were divided into 4 groups as control, resveratrol (Res), diabetes (Diab) and diabetes plus resveratrol (Diab+Res). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly decreased in the kidneys in the diabetic group, whereas nitrite / nitrate, urea, creatine kinase (CK) and uric acid concentrations increased. MMP-2, MMP-9, calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) concentrations of kidney were increased although reduced EGFR in the diabetes group. Resveratrol supplementation markedly restored all these structures. Diabetes activates MMP related inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant enzymes in the kidney tissues. Resveratrol has partly modulatory effects on diabetes-induced changes.

Objective: This study aims to clarify the effects of intravenous iron supplementation on biomarkers for oxidative stress in women with iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional review of 40 healthy women and 40 women who underwent intravenous iron treatment due to anemia. Biochemical markers for oxidative stress were determined for both healthy controls and anemic patients. These markers were also evaluated at hour 1 and day 30 of intravenous iron treatment. Results: The patients with anemia had significantly higher catalase activity and total oxidant status (TOS) but significantly lower nitrate and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) than the healthy controls (p=0.0245, p<0.0001, p=0.0437 and p<0.0001 respectively). At hour 1 of intravenous iron treatment, nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, total thiol and TAS values were significantly lower and TOS values were significantly higher than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0322, p=0.0003, p=0.0005, p<0.0001, p<0.0001 and p=0.004). At day 30 of intravenous iron treatment, catalase activity, nitrate, total thiol and TOS values were significantly lower than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0332, p=0.0015, p=0.0391 and p<0.0001 respectively) and at hour 1 of treatment (p=0.0498, p<0.0001, p=0.0004 and p<0.0001 respectively). At day 30 of intravenous iron treatment, nitric oxide and TAS values were significantly higher than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0480 and p=0.001 respectively) and at hour 1 of treatment (p<0.0001 for both). Conclusion: Intravenous iron replacement prompts oxidative stress at hour 1 of infusion in adults with anemia but this increase resolves partially in the following 30 days.