Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute one of the leading global health burdens, accounting for nearly 50% of all deaths worldwide. Rapid urbanization, lifestyle transitions, psychosocial stress, socioeconomic factors, and changing dietary patterns significantly influence cardiovascular health. Among modifiable risk determinants, atherosclerosis (AS) and hypertension (HTN) are the most critical, interrelated contributors to the onset and progression of CVDs. Nutritional interventions have gained significant global recognition in public health science and clinical practice and are widely regarded as a preventive approach for effective disease management. The goal of the current review is to present evidence from research conducted over the past decade (from 2016 to 2025) supporting the role of nutraceuticals in the management of AS and HTN. This review thoroughly discusses the role of nutraceuticals derived from diverse sources (plants, animals, microorganisms, etc.) from mechanistic aspects to clinical trial endpoints.