Anopheles arabiensis is a major malaria vector in Senegal, particularly in the Dakar region. The lack of a reference colony limits research on its biology and vector control. This study aimed to establish a stable An. arabiensis colony from urban populations in Keur Massar and Rufisque. Larvae were collected from 11 breeding sites and reared under controlled insectary conditions up to the F2 generation. Emergence rate, sex ratio, blood-feeding rate, and reproductive success were monitored. Species identification was performed morphologically and confirmed by PCR. Data were analyzed using R software, and differences between generations were assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Emergence rates in Keur Massar were 98.76%, 84.56%, and 85.15% for F0, F1, and F2, respectively, compared with 98.46%, 77.79%, and 86.22% in Rufisque. Females were most prevalent than the males, in both Keur Massar and Rufisque. In F2, blood-feeding rates reached 63.31% in Keur Massar and 90.91% in Rufisque. Eppendorf tubes inhibited oviposition, making group oviposition necessary for colony stabilization. PCR confirmed An. arabiensis. The study demonstrates the feasibility of establishing a stable An. arabiensis colony from Senegalese urban populations, providing a useful resource for future vector research and control strategies.

Malaria is a public health problem in Senegal, with heterogeneous transmission and little known about transmission drivers at the Senegalese border. This study aimed to determine bionomics of major vectors and malaria transmission in the Senegambian border. The study was conducted from July 2023 to March 2024 in Nemataba and Ndrame Ndimb (near the border), and in Medina Dianguette and Paoskoto (farther). Adult mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches. Laboratory analyses were performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Polymerase Chain Reaction techniques. Anopheles gambiae s.l. human biting rates (HBRs) were 1.05 bites/person/night (b/p/n) in Nemataba and 6.55 b/p/n in Ndrame Ndimb, while they were 14.73 b/p/n in Medina Dianguette and 1.47 b/p/n in Paoskoto. Anopheles funestus HBR was 2.88 b/p/n in Paoskoto and 0.37 b/p/n in Ndrame Ndimb. Human blood index for An. gambiae s.l. were 77.08% in Medina Dianguette, 66.67% in Nemataba, 2.42% in Ndrame Ndimb and 0 in Paoskoto, while for An. funestus they were 5.93% in Ndrame Ndimb and 3.65% in Paoskoto. Malaria transmission was detected in Medina Dianguette and Paoskoto, with 0.078 and 0.209 ib/p/n, respectively. This study highlights the diverse bionomic characteristics of major malaria vectors along the Senegambian border.