High-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit superior properties for extreme environments, yet the effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and performance of laser-clad NiAlNbTiV HEA coatings remain unclear. This study systematically investigates NiAlNbTiV coatings on 316 stainless steel fabricated at scanning speeds of 800–1100 mm/min via laser cladding. Characterizations via XRD, SEM/EDS, microhardness testing, high-temperature wear testing, and electrochemical measurements reveal that increasing scanning speed enhances the cooling rate, promoting γ-(Ni, Fe) solid solution formation, intensifying TiV peaks, and reducing Fe-Nb intermetallics. Higher speeds refine grains and needle-like crystal distributions but introduce point defects and cracks at 1100 mm/min. Microhardness decreases from 606.2 HV (800 mm/min) to 522.4 HV (1100 mm/min). The 800 mm/min coating shows optimal wear resistance (wear volume: 0.0117 mm³) due to dense eutectic hard phases, while higher speeds degrade wear performance via increased defects. Corrosion resistance follows a non-linear trend, with the 900 mm/min coating achieving the lowest corrosion current density (1.656 μA·cm⁻²) due to fine grains and minimal defects. This work provides parametric optimization guidance for laser-clad HEA coatings in extreme-condition engineering applications.

The effect of post-rolling annealing time on the microstructural evolution and room-temperature mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Cu–Zn–Sn alloy was systematically investigated. The alloy was isothermally annealed at 500 °C for 4, 5, and 6 h. Results reveal that annealing time non-monotonically governs the recrystallization of the α and β phases and the final content of the Sn-rich intergranular phase, coupled with the α/β phase transformation and Sn partitioning. The as-hot-rolled microstructure comprises a dual α + β structure without the Sn-rich intergranular phase. After 4 h, the α phase recrystallizes completely, and the β phase fraction decreases, leading to Sn rejection and Sn-rich intergranular phase formation after furnace cooling; hardness and strength are minimum, while ductility is high. At 5 h, the β phase fraction recovers and Sn partitions into the β phase, decreasing the final Sn-rich intergranular phase content. The β phase transforms into fine short-rod and lath-like morphologies, refining grains and yielding optimal strength–ductility synergy, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 451.6 MPa and an elongation of 41.7%. At 6 h, the β phase fraction decreases and grains coarsen, leading to re-formation of the Sn-rich intergranular phase and degraded strength. Quantitative analysis reveals that solid-solution strengthening provides a stable baseline, while variations in yield strength are dominated by dislocation and grain-boundary strengthening. The β phase provides load-transfer strengthening, and the Sn-rich intergranular phase acts primarily as a damage source. Fracture changes from ductile dimples to mixed ductile–brittle with local flat features, depending on the Sn-rich intergranular phase distribution. This study links processing, microstructure, and properties for optimizing tin brass heat treatment.