Background/Objectives: Patients with hematologic malignancies undergo prolonged, intensive treatments involving frequent hospitalizations and experience debilitating side effects. Consequently, they are at increased risk of developing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which can undermine their quality of life. However, there is a scarcity of instruments validated for the simultaneous assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress within hematologic cancer populations. The aim of this study is to examine the construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42 and DASS-21) among hematologic cancer patients. Methods: We collected data from 452 hematologic cancer patients across three studies. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the theoretical correlated three-factor model and bifactor model for DASS-42 and DASS-21 responses were sufficient to explain the underlying factor structure of the scales in hematologic cancer patients. However, the bifactor model for DASS-42 and DASS-21 fit better with the data compared to the theoretical correlated three-factor model. In addition, we found the correlated three-factor model and the bifactor structure to exhibit scalar measurement invariance across gender for DASS-42 and DASS-21. DASS-42 and DASS-21 subscales demonstrated weak to strong negative correlations with measures of psychological well-being (happiness, well-being, life satisfaction) and strong positive correlations with measures of similar constructs (depression, anxiety, and stress), thereby supporting their convergent and discriminant validity with theoretically and empirically expected correlations with external criteria. The reliability analyses demonstrated that both DASS-42 and DASS-21 subscales exhibited strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability when assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with hematologic malignancies. Moreover, the item-scale convergent and discriminant validity analyses demonstrated that items exhibited higher corrected item–total correlations with their intended subscales than with other subscales across the DASS-42 and DASS-21, providing evidence for the distinct measurement properties of each subscale. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the DASS-42 and DASS-21 are psychometrically robust instruments for use in Turkish hematologic cancer patients.

Background and Objectives: The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is an immunonutritional biomarker reflecting systemic inflammation, nutritional status, and immune competence. Its dynamic behavior and prognostic relevance in multiple myeloma (MM) following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remain insufficiently characterized. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 95 MM patients undergoing ASCT were analyzed. HALP scores were calculated at diagnosis and at post-transplant day +100, and dynamic changes (ΔHALP) were assessed. Associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses, with maintenance therapy incorporated as a covariate. Results: During a median follow-up of 50 months (range: 11.0–144.0), 36.8% of patients progressed or relapsed, and 23.2% died. Baseline HALP was associated with both OS and PFS in unadjusted analyses; however, the inverse association at diagnosis was substantially attenuated after adjustment for maintenance therapy (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.28–1.80; p = 0.466). HALP at day +100 showed a robust association with PFS that strengthened after adjustment (HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.45–7.38; p = 0.004). The discriminative performance for treatment response was limited, with 95% CIs encompassing AUC = 0.50. Conclusions: Post-transplant HALP at day +100 emerged as the most robust HALP-based prognostic indicator for PFS. Given the small sample size, limited OS events (n = 22), use of outcome-driven cut-offs, and absence of cytogenetic and minimal residual disease data, dynamic HALP assessment may provide exploratory prognostic information warranting validation in larger, prospective, multi-center cohorts.

Background/Objectives: Iron replacement and investigation of the underlying disorder are complementary aspects of care. We described diagnoses recorded after intravenous iron treatment and gastrointestinal biopsy findings during follow-up. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort included 1,164 adults treated during 2015–2025. Linked diagnosis and pathology records were classified relative to the index infusion. Two authors manually reviewed and verified pathology reports. Five age- and sex-adjusted logistic models assessed associations between laboratory values obtained within 30 days before infusion and a gastrointestinal composite, with correction for multiple testing. Results: Among 1,085 adults with observation beyond infusion, median follow-up was 38.2 months. Follow-up diagnosis status was documented in 601 patients; 47 had a diagnosis dated after infusion, including 24 after one year. Across linked sources, 33 patients had post-infusion malignancy records, including 10 with supporting pathology. Post-infusion gastrointestinal biopsies were available for 169 patients. Chronic gastritis was reported in 151 (89.3%), atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia in 143 (84.6%), and malignant tumors in six (3.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–7.5%). The gastrointestinal composite occurred in 52 patients (30.8%); none of the five laboratory associations met the multiplicity-adjusted threshold. Conclusions: Malignant and nonmalignant diagnoses were documented during follow-up, including beyond the first year after intravenous iron treatment. Linked biopsy reports provided histologic detail in a selected subgroup; the findings do not establish the cause of the original iron deficiency or disease incidence in the treated population.