Microfluidic insights into CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery in laminated shale reservoirs: Post-fracturing interface dynamics and micro-scale mechanisms

Energy security and the reduction of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are two major crises facing the world today. Using carbon dioxide to develop unconventional oil and gas resources is a positive way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which can significantly alleviate global energy security issues. This study systematically introduces the prerequisites for CO₂ to extract crude oil and CO₂ to be safely and effectively stored. Under high temperature and high pressure, the rock properties of deep reservoirs are completely different from those of atmospheric conditions in the two-phase porous media environment of crude oil and high salinity formation water. The research progress on the phase behavior, mutual solubility, CO₂ storage potential and mechanism between supercritical CO₂ and crude oil, formation water and reservoir are reviewed in detail. In addition, CO₂ leakage will inevitably occur during long-term geological storage, the proper estimation and evaluation of the risk and establishment of corresponding sealing methods are the way forward for CO₂ geological storage. By systematically elaborating the nature, advantages and disadvantages of fluid–fluid, fluid–solid interaction and geological integrity destruction mechanism, the directions in which several key problems should be solved were pointed out.