Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the deadliest human cancer. Temozolomide is now a part of postresection standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to temozolomide is a major obstacle to treatment success. Combination therapy with natural anticancer agents increases the activity of temozolomide against cancer cells. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of temozolomide in combination with harmine against GBM cells. Methods: Cancer cells were treated with temozolomide and/or harmine. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the viability of the cells was assessed by the MTT test. The combination index and dose reduction index were determined by CompuSyn software. Tumor invasion potential was investigated by evaluating cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. The real-time PCR technique was done to study the expression pattern of two genes involved in cancer cell invasion. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and differences were considered non-significant at P > 0.05. Results: After treatment with temozolomide, cell viability showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease, and the cells’ survival rate decreased. The combination of temozolomide and harmine had a synergistic effect. Also, temozolomide and/or harmine treatment decreased cancer cells’ migration, invasion, and adhesion potentials, as well as the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in T98G cells. Conclusions: The combination of temozolomide and harmine can be promising for the successful treatment of GBM.

Background: In diabetic patients, uncontrolled blood sugar causes disorders in various systems of the body in the long term. The reproductive system is one of these susceptible systems. It is known that diabetes can adversely affect spermatogenesis. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases has been discussed by many researchers for a long time. Onion, scientifically known as Allium cepa L., contains antioxidants. Insulin is also a drug used to control blood sugar in diabetic patients. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare in vivo antidiabetic activities of hydroalcoholic onion seed extract together with insulin in diabetic rats. Methods: In this study, diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Fifty animals were equally divided into five groups: nondiabetic control (group 1); diabetic control (group 2); diabetic rats receiving streptozotocin plus insulin (group 3); and diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of Allium cepa L. seed extract by gavage for four weeks (groups 4 and 5). At the end of the study, the prostate ventral lobe was removed and processed for histological studies. Next, sperm parameters from the tail of the left epididymis, biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes were analyzed and compared. Results: The sperm parameters of diabetic rats receiving 200 and 400 mg/kg of Allium cepa L. extract showed a significant increase compared to the diabetic control group. Conclusions: Administration of Allium cepa L. extract as a strong antioxidant was adequate to compensate for the toxic effects of streptozotocin and increase the motility of sperms.

Background: As a global health issue, the need for sophisticated prediction models to support early diabetes mellitus diagnosis and treatment is growing. Deep learning (DL) models lack interpretability despite their accuracy; traditional machine learning (ML) models occasionally overlook the complex interaction among genetic, lifestyle, and biological components. Objectives: This work presents a hybrid DL framework combining deep neural networks (DNNs) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to enhance explainability and predictive performance in early diabetes detection. Methods: This study retrospectively examined 1,284 anonymized patient records collected from two hospitals in Sirjan (March 2023 - 2025), comprising both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Glucose level, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance, Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, and cholesterol were identified as the most significant predictors using recursive feature elimination (RFE). All analyses were conducted in Python 3.10 using TensorFlow 2.12 and XGBoost 2.0, executed on an NVIDIA RTX 4090 GPU environment. The F1-score, accuracy, precision, recall, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were applied to evaluate the hybrid model compared to logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), standalone XGBoost, and DNN. Results: With an accuracy of 94%, the hybrid model (DNN+XGBoost) outperformed standalone models like XGBoost (89%) and DNN (91%) as well as LR (78%), SVM (82%), and others (P = 0.006). Precision and recall were attained at 93% and 95%, respectively. The most significant predictors identified by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were glucose (0.35) and HbA1c (0.30), validating the model's clarity and clinical usefulness. Conclusions: The proposed hybrid AI model balances high accuracy and interpretability, suggesting its potential utility for AI-assisted diabetes prediction in future clinical settings pending external validation. This model builds trust among clinicians by applying SHAP-based explainability.

Background and Aim: Diabetes can adversely affect spermatogenesis. Garden cress plant, known as Lepidium sativum, contains antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate and compare in vivo antidiabetic activities of hydroalcoholic garden cress seed extract and insulin on diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, diabetes was induced in ...

Background: Mental health is a major public health concern in war-affected populations, where misinformation and limited literacy exacerbate anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Health and media literacy empower individuals to identify credible information and strengthen psychological resilience. Therefore, understanding their combined influence has become increasingly important. This systematic review ...