Integrating higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) into the mathematics curriculum has been a longstanding goal of the Malaysian education system. By recognizing its growing importance in enhancing students’ thinking abilities, this study explores the factors influencing the teaching of HOTS in primary schools across Malaysia. A quantitative research approach is used to analyze 269 randomly selected mathematics teachers from primary schools in Temerloh, Malaysia, to investigate the impact of four influencing factors: teachers’ knowledge of HOTS, pedagogical skills, attitude, and barriers to teaching HOTS. The findings from this study revealed that all four influencing factors significantly predict the teaching of HOTS among Malaysian mathematics teachers. These results hold significant promise in enriching teaching practices and fostering HOTS integration within the school context. By providing valuable insights into the dynamics of teaching HOTS, this study aims to equip teachers, schools, and administrators with essential resources to enhance students’ academic achievements. The implications of this research are far-reaching and hold the potential to revolutionize the learning and teaching landscape in Malaysia, not only in mathematics but also in other disciplines, thereby elevating the overall learning experience.

Active engagement is a topic of research in instructional approaches within education. Research reveals that numerous benefits appear once students seem to be active and gain higher-order thinking skills, increase motivation and are engaged in their learning. Although there are numerous studies on active engagement in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education, the effort to conduct a systematic review of this area of research has been complex due to the lack of review procedures, which presents a significant dispute for authors to clarify. Thus, a systematic literature review regarding active engagement in STEM education will be conducted in this research. Five key methodological steps led the review: research questions formulation, systematic search strategies depending, critical quality appraisal, as well as data extraction and analysis. Relying on the thematic analysis, four major themes were revealed: (1) critical thinking, (2) collaboration, (3) interaction, as well as (4) encouragement. Findings from the four themes further entail four relevant activities: lectorials, exploration, sharing knowledge, and assessment. According to the findings of the papers reviewed, getting pre-service teachers involved in active engagement activities leads to more comprehensive benefits on pre-service teachers' attitudes, problem-solving skills, and achievement in learning activities.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

The Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) employs fuzzy logic to address uncertainty and ambiguity in expert judgments, facilitating consensus in complex decisions. Recent years have witnessed a surge in FDM publications, indicating its increasing popularity as a versatile decision-making tool across various domains, owing to its adept handling of uncertainty and complexity. However, there remains a limited understanding of collaborative dynamics among researchers in this field. This research aims to bridge this gap by examining co-authorship patterns and trends in FDM research literature, contributing to a deeper understanding of collaborative networks and their impact on the advancement of FDM methodologies and applications. A comprehensive examination was conducted on FDM research documents retrieved from the Scopus database spanning 1991 to 2022. Using the keyword "Fuzzy Delphi method," 766 papers underwent further scrutiny. Various tools, including Microsoft Excel for frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish for citation metrics and analysis, were employed. The study's findings were presented using bibliometric indicators, encompassing document type, sources, language, subject area, publication trends by year, top countries, influential institutions, leading authors, active journals, co-authorship analysis, citation analysis, and highly cited recent articles. While the total number of publications shows a general increasing trend over the years, the total citation trend does not demonstrate a consistent pattern of increase. Taiwan emerged as the top contributor to FDM research, followed by Malaysia. Robust collaboration exists among authors and countries. The evolution of FDM research benefits by providing a structured approach to decision-making processes, facilitating consensus-building among stakeholders, and enhancing strategic planning in curriculum development and educational policy formulation.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.