In this study the stress behavior of buried pipes in cohesionless soil was investigated experimentally. The parameters investigated in the laboratory tests include embedment ratio of pipe, horizontal distance of pipe to footing and the position of pipe. Hoop stresses at four positions on the borders of the pipes were measured by strain gauges. The results indicated that a significant increase in bearing capacities and decrease in pipe hoop stress when embedment ratio of pipe and horizontal distance of pipe to footing were increased. Based on the results of the laboratory model tests, the embedment ratio of pipe and the position of pipe are the main parameters that affect the hoop stresses on pipe.

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of the vertical stress distribution beneath the centerline of circular footings resting on sand. Vertical stress values due to circular load in medium-dense sand were measured using soil stress transducers. Reduced-scale laboratory model tests were carried out in a square-shaped test box, and vertical stresses were measured at the centerline of the circular footing at different depths of the sand. In order to determine the effect of footing width on vertical stress distribution, laboratory experiments were performed on circular footings of different diameters. In addition, a series of finite element analyses was carried out on the test model to validate the findings of the experimental study. In the numerical analysis, the sand was modeled as a non-linear elastoplastic material. The analyses were performed using the finite element method with two-dimensional axisymmetric and three-dimensional conditions. The results obtained from laboratory model tests and numerical analysis were compared with the vertical stress values obtained from the theoretical solution in the literature. Vertical stress distribution in horizontal planes at any depth from the footing base shows the same characteristic form in all methods. However, some differences were observed between experimental, numerical, and theoretical results and were discussed.

Anchor-type foundations are one of the foundation types used in structures subject to tensile forces. These anchors are generally designed according to the weight of the soil on them depending on the depth they are buried at and the frictional resistance obtained from the failure surfaces during failure. One method of increasing the uplift capacity of the foundation without increasing the burial depth is the use of geogrid material. In this study, the uplift capacities of strip anchor plates at different embedment depths were investigated by considering the geogrid effect placed in different combinations. The aim of the study is to investigate whether a more economical solution can be obtained by using geogrid without increasing the embedment depth of the anchor plate. Experiments were carried out using centrifugal experimental setup, which gives values closer to the real results. The tests were performed on sand of two different densities for anchor burial depths H/B = 2 and H/B = 5. According to the results, the uplift capacity is significantly improved when geogrid is used. As the reinforcement configuration, the use of a single geogrid layer placed just above the anchor plate with an inclination angle of 45 degrees gave more effective results than using the geogrid horizontally and vertically. In the study, up to 98% increases in uplift capacity were obtained with reinforcement. In addition, the prototype model was analyzed with a numerical program based on the finite element method, and the results were compared with the experimental results. As a result of the comparison, it was observed that the experimental and numerical results were compatible with each other. Suggestions for practice are presented using the results obtained.

This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies of the vertical stress distribution beneath the centerline of circular footings resting on the sand. Vertical stress values due to circular load in medium-dense sand were measured using soil stress transducers. Reduced-scale laboratory model tests were carried out in a square-shaped test box and vertical stresses were measured at the centerline of the circular footing at different depths of the sand. In order to determine the effect of footing width on vertical stress distribution, laboratory experiments were performed on circular footings of different diameters. In addition, a series of finite element analyses was carried out on the test model to validate the findings of the experimental study. In the numerical analysis, the sand was modeled as a non-linear elastoplastic material. The analyses were performed using the finite element method with two-dimensional axisymmetric and three-dimensional conditions. The results obtained from laboratory model tests and numerical analysis were compared with the vertical stress values obtained from the theoretical solution in the literature. Vertical stress distribution in horizontal planes at any depth from the footing base shows the same characteristic form in all methods. However, some differences were observed between experimental, numerical, and theoretical results and discussed.

Çalışmada, yanal yük etkisindeki kısa kazığın, homojen ve tabakalı kum zeminler içerisinde, düşey ve eğik olarak yerleştirilmesi durumunda, yanal yük taşıma kapasitesi değişimleri küçük ölçekli laboratuvar model deneyleri ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca; deney programına bağlı kalınarak, model deney sonuçları, sonlu elemanlar yöntemine dayanan iki ve üç boyutlu sayısal analiz sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yanal yüklü kazığın analizi 3 boyutlu bir problem olup, 2 boyutlu bir problem olarak çözülmesi yaklaşımı geoteknik alanında ilk defa uygulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; deney ve 3D analiz sonuçları arasında oldukça yakın bir uyum gözlenmiştir. 2D sayısal analiz sonuçlarından elde edilen yaklaşım yöntemi ile farklı kazık yerleşim açısı ve zemin durumuna göre, kısa kazığın yanal yük taşıma kapasitesinin tahmin edilmesinde, yeterli uyum gözlenmiştir.