Immune correlates of protection from COVID-19 are incompletely understood. 2,826 keyworkers had T-SPOT ^® Discovery SARS-CoV-2 tests (measuring interferon-γ secreting, SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cells, Oxford Immunotec Ltd), and anti-Spike S1 domain IgG antibody levels (EuroImmun AG) performed on recruitment into a cohort study. 285/2,826 (10.1%) of participants had positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests, predominantly associated with symptomatic illness, during 200 days followup. T cell responses to Spike, Nucleoprotein and Matrix proteins (SNM responses) were detected in some participants at recruitment, as were anti-Spike S1 IgG antibodies; higher levels of both were associated with protection from subsequent SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. In volunteers with moderate antibody responses, who represented 39% (252/654) of those with detectable anti-Spike IgG, protection was partial, and higher with higher circulating T cell SNM responses. SARS-CoV-2 responsive T cell numbers predict protection in individuals with low anti-Spike IgG responses; serology alone underestimates the proportion of the population protected after infection.

A survey was conducted with the objective to study seagrass distribution, bed size and shoot density in different substrata of the South Andaman Islands. A total of 231 seagrass sites were observed during the study, in which a total of eight species were found. The South Andaman region exhibited the highest species diversity followed by Havelock, Little Andaman and Neil Islands. Eleven continuous seagrass bed were noted during the study which were confined to three different types of substrata: sand only; sand mixed with coral sand and coral rubble; sand mixed with mud.Thalassia hemprichiiandCymodocea rotundatawere found in dense canopies and covered large areas associated with sand and coral rubble.Halophila beccariishowed moderate abundance in muddy substrata andHalodulespp. grew in fine sand. The highest shoot density was recorded at Haddo, followed by Vijaya Nagar and Chidyatapu, contributed mostly byHalodulespp. In general, seagrass diversity and distribution were mainly influenced by the percentage composition of sand. The authors recommend that the seagrass meadow of Haddo should be considered for conservation priority because of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as sewage input, dumping of solid wastes on the shoreline and anchoring of boats.

In the present article we provide a detailed account on the occurrence of Wedge Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia, from two different locations (Hut Bay and Burmanallah) of Andaman Islands. This species has been reported by Rao (2003) from Andamans but there is no specific location mentioned. First occurrence of this species was observed in Hut Bay coast of Little Andaman and after a three month interval a group of Wedge Sea Hares were again spotted from Burmanallah, South Andaman. In the present article we have given a detailed account on the occurrence and morphological features with field and laboratory pictures of D. auricularia and its biomedical importance based on literature.