Background: Diarrhea remains a common infectious disease caused by various risk factors in developing countries. This study investigated the incidence rate and temporal associations between diarrhea and meteorological determinants in five regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. Method: Monthly diarrhea records from local governmental health facilities in Surabaya and monthly means of weather variables, including average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity from Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency were collected from January 2018 to September 2020. The generalized additive model was employed to quantify the time lag association between diarrhea risk and extremely low (5th percentile) and high (95th percentile) monthly weather variations in the north, central, west, south, and east regions of Surabaya (lag of 0–2 months). Result: The average incidence rate for diarrhea was 11.4 per 100,000 during the study period, with a higher incidence during rainy season (November to March) and in East Surabaya. This study showed that the weather condition with the lowest diarrhea risks varied with the region. The diarrhea risks were associated with extremely low and high temperatures, with the highest RR of 5.39 (95% CI 4.61, 6.17) in the east region, with 1 month of lag time following the extreme temperatures. Extremely low relative humidity increased the diarrhea risks in some regions of Surabaya, with the highest risk in the west region at lag 0 (RR = 2.13 (95% CI 1.79, 2.47)). Extremely high precipitation significantly affects the risk of diarrhea in the central region, at 0 months of lag time, with an RR of 3.05 (95% CI 2.09, 4.01). Conclusion: This study identified a high incidence of diarrhea in the rainy season and in the deficient developed regions of Surabaya, providing evidence that weather magnifies the adverse effects of inadequate environmental sanitation. This study suggests the local environmental and health sectors codevelop a weather-based early warning system and improve local sanitation practices as prevention measures in response to increasing risks of infectious diseases.

Treatment cost and quality of domestic water are highly correlated with raw water quality in reservoirs. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence the trophic state levels and correlations among Carlson trophic state index (CTSI) levels, water quality parameters and weather factors in four major reservoirs in Taiwan from 2000 to 2017. Weather (e.g., air temperature, relative humidity, total precipitation, sunlight percentage and cloud cover) and water quality parameters (e.g., pH, chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids (SS), ammonia, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite and water temperature) were included in the principal component analysis and absolute principal component score models to evaluate the main governing factors of the trophic state levels (e.g., CTSI). SS were washed out by precipitation, thereby influencing the reservoir transparency tremendously and contributing over 50% to the CTSI level in eutrophicated reservoirs (e.g., the Shihmen and Chengchinghu Reservoirs). CTSI levels in the mesotrophic reservoir (e.g., Liyutan Reservoir) had strong correlation with chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus. Results show that rainfall/weather factors were the key driving factors that affected the CTSI levels in Taiwan eutrophicated reservoirs, indicating the need to consider basin management and the impacts of extreme precipitation in reservoir management and future policymaking.

This study aims to determine the effect of increasing the value of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calories content in artificial feed added with fish oil and to find out the best composition of the addition of fish oil in artificial feed that provides optimal protein levels for the growth of laying hens. This study used materials was rations of feed production from PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, Tbk 35%, Bran 15% kg and Corn 50% kg. Then an experiment was carried out with 3 treatment samples and 1 control sample. The fish oil used comes from sardine waste produced by the Department of Animal Husbandry, Jember State Polytechnic. Then the samples were tested for their proximate quality at the Saraswanti Indo Genetech Laboratory in Surabaya. The parameters we used for determining the proximate quality are ash content, calorie from fat, total fat, moisture content, total calories, carbohydrate, and protein content. From the result we concluded that the samples treated with the addition of 5% fish oil produced the best quality in terms of protein and fat content which met the needs of laying hens. The results of this study can be used as a basis and reference for the development of functional egg production.

Air sebagai senyawa yang penting bagi kehidupan, salah satu sumber air yang banyak dikelola oleh masyarakat adalah sumber air telaga. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mengolah air telaga tersebut adalah dibuatnya program yang disebut Pengolahan Air Minum (PAM) yang menggunakan metode filtrasi pasir. Pengolahan alternatif lainnya yakni secara kimiawi yang menggunakan koagulan Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC). Pencampuran sampel air dengan koagulan PAC dilakukan menggunakan metode jar test. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan sampel KE dengan AT+PAC. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan standart baku mutu air bersih Permenkes No. 32 Tahun 2017 dan Permenkes No. 492 Tahun 2010. Hasil penelitian dari dua perlakuan (KE, AT+PAC) seluruhnya memenuhi standart baku mutu hal tersebut didukung dengan penurunan hasil pengujian kualitas air meliputi kekeruhan sebesar 5.68 NTU, TSS 16.5 mg/L, Fe 0.55 mg/L, dan kesadahan 20 mg/L.Kata kunci: Air telaga, Air hasil olahan existing, PAC, Jar test.

Sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk dapat menyebabkan penyakit DBD. Penyakit DBD merupakan penyakit mematikan. Jumlah kasus tercatat tahun 2017 sebanyak 68.407 orang. Lamongan merupakan salah satu wilayah KLB di Jawa Timur, terjadi peningkatan kasus 2 kali lipat pada periode yang sama yakni dari 23 kasus bulan Januari 2014 meningkat 49 kasus pada bulan Januari 2015, jumlah kasus terus meningkat dan sampai hari sabtu tanggal 31 Januari 2015 laporan ditutup dengan jumlah kasus 86 penderita yang tersebar 19 Kecamatan. Salah satu Kecamatan di Kabupaten Lamongan adalah Karangbinangun, tindakan pencegahan penyakit DBD antara lain dengan cara kegiatan promosi kesehatan guna meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan kebiasaan keluarga. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ceramah dan metode leaflet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang demam berdarah dengue. Kata kunci: promosi kesehatan, metode ceramah, metode leaflet, demam berdarah dengue

Kecamatan Pucuk, Kabupaten Lamongan merupakan salah satu wilayah yang dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan perikanan tambak. Namun, di wilayah tersebut terdapat bekas pabrik peleburan aki yang limbahnya masih berdampak pada wilayah tambak disekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dampak limbah timbal dari bekas pabrik peleburan aki dengan menguji kualitas air tambaknya. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas air terhadap survival rate ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 14 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan pada hari ke 1, ke 7 dan ke 14 dengan mengukur parameter pH, suhu, DO, TSS, COD, dan Pb. Hasil pengaruh kualitas air terhadap survival rate ikan bandeng dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 21 Regresi Linier. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran parameter pH (rata-rata 7.2), Suhu (rata-rata 28oC) , dan DO (rata-rata 4 mg/L) dari hari ke-0, hari ke-7 sampai hari ke-14 nilainya memenuhi baku mutu rata-rata pH 6-8, suhu 22oC-28oC dan DO minimal 3 mg/L. Untuk parameter TSS (110 mg/L), dan Pb (0,6 mg/L), hari ke-0 melebihi baku mutu (0,03 mg/L), kemudian pada hari ke-7 sampai hari ke-14 nilai TSS (20 mg/L) dan Pb (0.15 mg/L) menurun hingga memenuhi baku mutu (TSS 100 mg/L dan Pb 0.03 mgL). Parameter COD dari hari ke-0, hari ke-7 sampai hari ke-14 nilainya tinggi (rata-rata 620 mg/L) sehingga melebihi baku mutu. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linear didapatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kualitas air tambak terhadap survival rate Ikan Bandeng dengan r2 = 0.805 dengan beberapa parameter kualitas air yang mempengaruhi secara dominan antara lain: pH (0.384), TSS (0.587), COD (0.280), dan Pb (0.296). Sehingga berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas tidak direkomendasikan untuk membudidayakan perikanan atau pertanian didekat area bekas Pabrik Aki. Kata Kunci : Kualitas Air; Survival Rate; Ikan Bandeng.