The electrospinning process is highlighted with the ability of fabricating fibers with diameters on the nanometer scale, small inter-fibrous pore size and high porosity, vast possibilities for functionalization with high surface area to volume or mass ratio, ease of use and instrument setup, and adaptability. It attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique properties. More than 100 different polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers using this technique including synthetic polymers such as polyurethane (PU). Electrospun PU nanofiber mats exhibiting good mechanical properties may have a wide variety of potential applications in high-performance air filters, protective textiles, wound dressing materials, sensors, drug delivery, etc. This chapter deals with the electrospinning of polyurethane nanofibers and their potential applications.

In this research, four different protein based textile materials (sheep, goat and Angora rabbit wools and silk) were dyed with sumac and the effects of proteases on their dyeing properties were investigated. According to the experimental results, it was observed that these protein based fibers could be dyed evenly with high light and washing fastnesses by using sumac as a natural dye. Furthermore, it was found that the enzymatic treatment before dyeing did not have an important effect on the dyeing results of sheep wool, goat wool and silk, but for angora wool the color yield of dyed samples increased approximately 20—30 % according to the enzyme type. Moreover in this study angora fibers, treated and untreated with enzymes, were dyed with tannin based plants like myrobalan fruit, oak bark and gall nut, and it was found that the enzymatic treatment increased the dye uptake significantly.

Novel multifunctional nanofibers based