This article described the spatial and temporal of land surface temperature (LST) patterns in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia, in the context of urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Landsat imaginary in 1998 and 2018 was used in this study, which represents the conditions before and after the tsunami. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technique were used for data analysis. The 1998 and 2018 LUC maps were derived from remote sensing satellite images using a supervised classification method (maximum likelihood). Both LUC maps contained five categories, namely built-up area, vegetation, water body, vacant land, and wet land. The 1998 LUC map had a kappa coefficient 0.91, while the 2018 LUC map had 0.84. It was found that the built-up area increased by 100%, while the vegetation category fell 50%. The overall mean LST in the study area increased 5.90C between 1998 and 2018, with the highest mean increase in the built-up area category. The study recommends that LST should be taken into consideration in urban planning process to realize sustainable urban development. It also emphasizes the importance of optimizing the availability of green open space to reduce UHI effects and helps in improving the quality of the urban environment.

This study investigated the pattern of urban heat island changes based on the relationship between land surface temperature and the water index in Banda Aceh City for 1998 and 2018. Landsat TM 1998 and Landsat OLI-TIRS 2018 were used in this study, which represents the conditions before and after the tsunami. Analysis of data used Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). The Land Surface Temperature (LST) was negatively related to the normalized difference water index (NDWI).

Banda Aceh experienced rapid growth, both physically, socially, and economically, after the Tsunami that devastated it the end of December in 2004. Hence policy controls are needed to direct the pattern of urban growth to achieve sustainable development for the future. The purpose of this paper is to generate a growth model for Banda Aceh using the CA-Markov process. By knowing the changes in land use between 2005 and 2009 from the results of previous research, simulations for 2013, 2019 and 2029 using the application of Idrisi^@Selva. CA-Markov models were prepared to determine the quantity of changes. The simulation results showed that, after the Tsunami, the City of Banda Aceh tended to grow towards the coast. For the control of the LUC, the Banda Aceh City government needs to prepare comprehensive and detailed maps and inventory of LUC for the city to provide basic data and information needed for monitoring and evaluation that can be done effectively and efficiently. An institution for monitoring and evaluation of the urban landscape and the LUC should be formed immediately. This institution could consist of representatives from government, academia, community leaders, the private sector and other experts. The findings from this study can be used to start the monitoring and evaluation of future urban growth. Especially for the coastal areas, the local government should immediately prepare special spatial coastal area plans to control growth in those areas and to ensure that the economic benefits from disaster mitigation and coastal protection are preserved. For the development of the city in the future, it is necessary to achieve a balance between economic development, and social welfare with environmental protection and disaster mitigation. iIt will become a big challenge to achieve sustainable development for the future.

Base flow is the portion of stream that is not run off and results from seepage of water from the ground into a channel slowly over time. Base flow is considered to be the groundwater contribution to stream flow. Estimates of the amount of base flow can be derived from stream records. This study is about groundwater recharge condition at two sub watersheds in Krueng Peusangan: sub watershed of Lut Tawar and sub watershed of Teupin Mane (Krueng Teumbo). The Krueng Peusangan Watershed is one of priority for watershed management because this watershed is in a critical condition. The Krueng Peusangan Watershed is an important water catchment area in Aceh where there are one million people depend on life from the water source watershed, such as dringking water, agriculture, and fisheries. The Krueng Peusangan includes four regencies, an upstream Aceh Tengah, a midstream area in Bener Meriah and downstream area in Bireuen and Aceh Utara. This research aims to get groundwater recharge using Seasonal Recession Method and Base Flow Separation Method. Both of methods were used to estimate groundwater recharge for each peak in stream flow during the period of record (2008-2012). The results showed that the trend pattern of the stream hydrograph could be explained using the exponential function where the dots lowest discharge that is the end of the recession (y) than any period of time on stream hydrograph semi logarithmic (x). The regression formula for the watershed of Krueng Peusangan is: y=1.3x^−0.12(Lut Tawar - Wih Nareh) and y=1.94x^−0.42(Teupin Mane-Krueng Teumbo). The filtering method (Base Flow Separation Method) by Chapman (1999) gave a lower percentage of the low flow component (base flow) for Sub Watershed of Teupin Mane (Krueng Teumbo): 2008/2009 (18%), 2009/2010 (3%), 2010/2011 (1%), 2011/2012 (1%). For Sub Watershed of Lut Tawar (Wih Nareh): 2008/2009 (1%), 2009/2010 (1%), 2010/2011 (4%), 2011/2012 (1%). Estimates using the two methods define a reasonable range of the base flow contribution to stream flow in the watershed.