Background: The relationship between the parent–child relationship and adolescent depression is much discussed, but still not fully understood. Based on ecological systems theory, this study examined the potential mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of school climate between the association of parent–child relationship and adolescent depression. Methods: This study employed a three-wave longitudinal design with six months between each time point, involving 549 elementary and middle school students in southeastern China (50.82% males; mean age at Time 1 = 11.43). Measurements included the parent–child relationship (T1), psychological resilience (T2), school climate (T3), depression (T1 and T3), and demographic information. Results: The moderated mediation model demonstrated that after controlling for baseline adolescent depression (T1), the parent–child relationship (T1) was longitudinally and negatively associated with adolescent depression (T3) through the mediating effect of psychological resilience (T2). Additionally, the analysis revealed that a positive school climate moderated this mediation by mitigating the adverse impact of low psychological resilience on adolescent depression, thus reducing the indirect effect of the parent–child relationship on adolescent depression. Conclusions: Our findings offer a nuanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking parent–child relationship to adolescent depression among Chinese adolescents. Theoretical contributions and practical applications of these findings are further elaborated.

Background: The interparental conflict has been associated with an increased adolescents’ engagement in risk-taking behaviors. However, few studies have examined the potential mediation of deviant peer affiliation and the potential moderation of school climate. Grounded in the ecological system theory, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation and the moderating role of school climate between the association of interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior.Methods: This study conducted a longitudinal design (3 time points, 3 months apart) with the sample comprising 550 middle school students in southeastern China (52.91% males; mean age at Time 1 = 15.37). The performed measurements encompassed interparental conflict (T1), deviant peer affiliation (T2), school climate (T3), risk-taking behavior (T1/T2/T3), and demographic information.Results: The moderated mediation model revealed that after controlling for T1/T2 risk-taking behavior, T1 interparental conflict was longitudinally and positively correlated with T3 risk-taking behavior through T2 deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that a positive school climate ameliorated the adverse impact of deviant peer affiliation on risk-taking behavior, thereby mitigating the indirect effect of interparental conflict on risk-taking behavior among adolescents.Conclusions: Our findings propose a nuanced explanation of the processing mechanisms between interparental conflict and risk-taking behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Internet addiction has been associated with decreased prosocial behavior in adolescents, and minority studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms involved. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of self-control and the moderating effects of peer rejection. A longitudinal study with two waves (6 months apart) was used to measure internet addiction (T1), peer rejection (T1), self-control (T1/T2), and prosocial behavior (T1/T2) among 1048 secondary school students (M_age = 14.80 years old, SD = 1.61) in a southern Chinese metropolitan area. A longitudinal path analysis model was applied to analyze the data and derive insights about the relationships between these variables. The findings indicated that T1 internet addiction negatively influenced later prosocial behavior through reduced self-control, particularly among adolescents with lower levels of peer rejection. These findings clarify how internet addiction impairs prosocial development, and we propose a framework for intervention: mitigating peer rejection and harnessing self-control as a mediator to counteract the adverse effects of internet addiction.

As a striking topic in adolescent career development, ambivalence in career decision-making has been proven to be multifaceted in previous studies. Nevertheless, they mainly focused on late adolescence and did not illustrate the transition pattern of subgroups. Rooted in the social-cognitive theory of career self-management, this two-wave longitudinal study (6-month time interval) intended to shed light on the transition patterns of career ambivalence and whether career decision-making self-efficacy and adolescent-parent career congruence act as predictors, with a sample of 941 Chinese early adolescents (44.9 % females, M_age = 12.40, SD_age = 1.50). Results identified four quantitative profiles at each wave, characterized by low, moderate, high, and hyper-high ambivalence, respectively. Latent transition analysis indicated that adolescents in distinct profiles both maintained and transitioned between subgroups over time. Furthermore, career decision-making self-efficacy prevented the low subgroup from transiting to the hyper-high subgroup, whereas adolescent-parent career congruence did not play a significant role. This study underscores the protective roles of career decision-making self-efficacy in the personalized intervention for career ambivalence among early adolescents.