International road transport is a critical part of international supply chains, and it faces issues like increasing costs, environmental regulations, and unevenly developed infrastructure. The emergence of new digitalisation opportunities for logistics processes creates excellent opportunities to enhance transport efficiency and flexibility; therefore, research in this area is very relevant. The study investigates the influence of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, digital twins, and artificial intelligence on the optimisation of international road transport. The paper uses system analysis, mathematical modelling and linear programming to assess the effectiveness of logistics solutions. The findings indicate that digital technologies can cut transportation costs by 18 per cent on average by optimising routes and avoiding logistics risks. Digital twins used in route modelling increase process transparency and decision-making efficiency. Predictive analytics based on artificial intelligence allows for more efficient inventory management and minimisation of delivery delays. The practical significance of the work lies in developing algorithms that can be implemented by both large logistics companies and small businesses, subject to adaptation to their needs. The data obtained can be used to improve logistics systems further and integrate innovative technologies into international transport.

This scientific article is devoted to a deep and comprehensive analysis of the social and economic factors that significantly influence the dynamics and nature of criminal offenses in the field of transport security in Ukraine during the period 2020-2025. The work presents generalized conclusions and a detailed overview of statistical data illustrating key changes in the structure and dynamics of transport crimes. Special attention is paid to studying the impact of the armed conflict that began in 2022 on the criminogenic situation in the transport sector, highlighting new challenges and peculiarities that arose as a result, including the increasing number of thefts, looting, and illegal transportation of goods in frontline areas, as well as the activation of criminal groups that exploit complicated logistics and the security situation for their purposes. The study examines how changes in the social environment caused by the war, such as forced displacement, the breakdown of social ties, and psychological tension, contribute to the increase in crime levels in transport. Within the study framework, key determinants of crime in the transport sector have been identified and systematized, including unemployment, migration processes, social stratification, and changes in the economic conjuncture. It analyzes how rising unemployment and declining living standards push specific segments of the population to illegal actions in transport, and how migration flows create new conditions for criminal groups, including cross-border crime and human trafficking. The impact of the shadow economy and corruption schemes on increasing transport crime is examined, particularly by creating favorable conditions for smuggling, illegal arms and drug trafficking, and illicit passenger and cargo transportation. Emphasis is placed on identifying regional peculiarities of these factors' manifestation, considering geographical location and the degree of impact by military actions. Based on the results, a set of practical measures to counteract and prevent these offenses is proposed, which can be implemented at both the legislative and practical levels. Such measures include strengthening control at transport hubs and routes, implementing the latest security technologies (e.g., video surveillance systems, GPS trackers, cargo scanners), optimizing the legal framework considering the challenges of wartime and post-war reconstruction, and developing and implementing socio-economic programs aimed at reducing crime determinants, including employment programs, social adaptation for internally displaced persons, and support for vulnerable groups. Special attention is paid to interdepartmental cooperation and international experience combating transport crime. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of these phenomena before and during the armed conflict allows for a comprehensive assessment of the scale and depth of the problem, as well as forecasting further trends and developing adaptive strategies to respond to changing threats in the country's transport system, ensuring its stability and security in the conditions of post-war reconstruction and European integration. Keywords: criminal offenses, transport security, transport crimes, war, armed conflict, crime prevention, criminogenic situation, crime determinants, countermeasures, legal framework, looting, illegal transportation.

Introduction: The topic is relevant due to the growing scale of armed conflicts and human rights violations, which endangers civilians and international security. In this context, the ideology of human-centredness, the basis for ensuring human rights and freedoms, is critical to protecting human rights during war and the stability of post-war reconstruction.Objective: This research article aims to systematise the mechanisms of human rights protection in times of war based on the concept of human centrism, analyse the existing mechanisms of human rights protection, and assess the threat to civilians in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.Methods: The article uses several general scientific research methods, including synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative analysis, systematisation, and generalisation. To conduct the study, the author analysed the scientific literature and used statistical analysis to generate initial data for further forecasting the dynamics of war crimes and conducting a risk assessment for the civilian population using the statistical software Excel.Results: As a result of the study, the number of episodes of Russia's war crimes against humanity was calculated by regions of Ukraine, which allowed us to make assumptions about the future threat to these regions' populations and human rights. According to the calculations, in 2024 (baseline), the threat level is 31.4%, and in 2025 (planned), the threat level will decrease by 8.65% due to comprehensive government and military measures to prevent Russian aggression and protect civilians.Conclusions: The study identified the primary mechanisms for the protection of human rights in times of war based on the principles of human centrism, including condemnation of aggression as an act of violation of international law and violation of fundamental human rights, bringing the aggressor to justice and, if necessary, initiating an international search for persons involved in the escalation of the conflict; allowing the use of force against the aggressor state to protect the lives and fundamental rights of civilians and neutralise military threats.