Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are pediatric inflammatory conditions with overlapping mucocutaneous features that may complicate early diagnosis. We performed a narrative review of the literature to characterize and compare cutaneous manifestations reported in children with KD and MIS-C and to assess their diagnostic relevance. Published studies describing dermatologic findings in patients aged 0–18 years were reviewed. The analysis revealed a broad heterogeneity of skin manifestations in both conditions, ranging from classic polymorphous rash and acral erythema to atypical presentations, including annular, psoriasiform, vesiculobullous, urticarial, and erythema nodosum-like lesions. Reactivation at Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination sites and associated mucocutaneous findings, such as conjunctivitis and oral changes, emerged as supportive diagnostic clues, particularly for incomplete KD. Considerable overlap in cutaneous phenotypes between KD and MIS-C was observed, especially in patients with persistent fever and systemic inflammation, highlighting the risk of diagnostic delay. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing atypical dermatologic patterns as part of an integrated diagnostic approach, as delayed identification may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Early recognition of cutaneous clues can support timely initiation of immunomodulatory therapy and improve clinical outcomes.

Childhood overweight and obesity are escalating global health challenges with consequences that extend across the life course. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implications and consequences of excess weight in children and adolescents across different socio-economic settings, analyzing weight excess-related health outcomes through a socio-economic lens. Evidence was identified through searches of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by manual screening of reference lists. The literature indicates that excess adiposity, particularly visceral fat, promotes insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and other early manifestations of cardiometabolic disease, while also contributing to respiratory, orthopedic, and psychosocial complications. These risks frequently persist into adulthood, increasing premature morbidity, mortality, healthcare utilization, and direct and indirect societal costs. The burden is unevenly distributed: poverty, stigma, discrimination, food and built environments, and limited access to preventive and clinical services shape both obesity risk and outcomes, with particularly severe consequences in resource-constrained settings. Early identification of excess weight and associated risk factors, systematic screening for comorbidities, and timely, family-centered multidisciplinary care are therefore essential. Effective prevention and treatment must also address the broader social and commercial determinants of health through coordinated action across healthcare, education, food systems, and public policy.

Childhood overweight and obesity are escalating global health challenges with conse-quences that extend across the life course. This narrative review examines the epide-miology, clinical complications, socioeconomic burden, and management of excess weight in children and adolescents across diverse socioeconomic settings. Evidence was identified through searches of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by manual screening of reference lists. The literature indicates that excess adiposity, particularly visceral fat, promotes insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and other early mani-festations of cardiometabolic disease, while also contributing to respiratory, orthope-dic, and psychosocial complications. These risks frequently persist into adulthood, in-creasing premature morbidity, mortality, healthcare utilization, and direct and indi-rect societal costs. The burden is unevenly distributed: poverty, stigma, discrimination, food and built environments, and limited access to preventive and clinical services shape both obesity risk and outcomes, with particularly severe consequences in re-source-constrained settings. Early identification of excess weight and associated risk factors, systematic screening for comorbidities, and timely, family-centered multidis-ciplinary care are therefore essential. Effective prevention and treatment must also address the broader social and commercial determinants of health through coordinat-ed action across healthcare, education, food systems, and public policy.