This study purposed to determine the impacts of chitosan film (CF) (2%, w/v) coating combined with thyme oil (TO) (0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, (v/v)) on the quality properties of black olives during storage (3 months, +4 and 25°C). In the study, film properties (color, elongation at break, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were analyzed. In the second stage, table olive samples were assessed for physicochemical (% moisture, pH, titratable acidity, color (L*, a*, b* and ∆E*), and microbiological (yeast–mold and total viable count) properties. The average elongation at break, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values of the obtained film coating samples were 70.02%, 16.66 MPa, 24.05 MPa for the CF; 74.69%, 14.79 MPa, 19.65 MPa for the CF + 0.2% TO; 77.21%, 10.79 MPa, 13.94 MPa for CF + 0.5% TO and 83.78%, 10.40 MPa, 12.69 MPa for CF + 1.0% TO group, respectively. Chitosan film sample was determined the highest tensile strength value and the CF+1% TO sample group was detected with the highest elongation at break. It was determined that the increase in the concentration of TO in the film increased the elongation at break and decreased the Young’s modulus value. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface images of group CF film have a homogeneous and uniform structure but added thyme oil occured a heterogeneous appearance. The L*, a*, b*, and ∆E* values increased with the addition of thyme oil and a statistically significant difference was found between samples (P < 0.05). The highest moisture loss was determined in the control (uncoated) group. The highest decrease in yeast–mold and total viable count value was found 4.89 log CFU/g CF + 0.2% TO and 5.21 log CFU/g in CF + 1.0% TO sample at the end of storage period at 4°C in table olives.

Ginkgo biloba bitkisi antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antialerjenik özelliğe sahip olduğu için tıp ve gıda alanında kullanımı yaygınlaşmaktadır. Ülkemiz için önemli ihracat ürünlerinden kayısının kurutulmasında kükürtleme işlemi yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kayısı kurutulmasında kullanılan kükürt yerine alternatif bir yöntem olarak Ginkgo biloba bitki ekstraktının uygulanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Ginkgo biloba yaprakları farklı derişimdeki çözgenlerle ultrases destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiştir. Ginkgo biloba ekstaksiyonu için üç farklı çözgen (%75 metanol, %75 etanol ve ultra saf su) ve iki farklı zaman parametresinde (15 ve 30 dakika) ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam flavonoid madde miktarı %75 etanol ve 30 dakikalık ektraksiyon sonucu en yüksek (756.78 mgQE/L) bulunmuştur. Elde edilen ekstrakttan hazırlanan 2000 ppmlik çözelti iki farklı grup (İzmir ve Iğdır) kayısılara püskürtülmüş ve kayısılar tepsili kurutucuda kurutulmuştur. 21 gün depolama süresince 7 günde bir fiziksel ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucu her iki grupta da küf ve maya gelişimi gözlemlenmemiştir. Depolama sonunda renk (L* 37.70, a* 13.33, b* 23.82), su aktivitesi (aw 0.50-0.59) ve nem değerleri (%7-14) en iyi korunan grubun İzmir grubu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Iğdır grubu örneklerde ise depolama boyunca çiğnenebilirlik, sertlik, dayanıklılık gibi tekstürel özellikler İzmir grubu örneklere kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak kayısı kurutulmasında kükürt dioksit yerine antioksidan özelliği yüksek, doğal ve bitkisel kaynak olan Ginkgo biloba ekstratının kayısılarda kullanımının sanayide uygulanabileceği düşünülmektedir.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electrical pretreatment (40V, 60 sec) and ultrasound blanching (35kHz, 80°C, 2 min) on the drying time, texture, color, and rehydration properties of zucchini which were dried by hot air and freeze dryers to 8% moisture content (wet basis). The synergistic effect of electrical and ultrasonical applications reduced the drying time (36%) to reach the target moisture content in hot air drying and provided fracturable, chewy, and edible hard zucchini chips. The highest lightness value was found as 86.04 at the group blanched ultrasonically and freeze dried chips.The greenness was found at most (-9.31) in the combined group of electrical pretreated, ultrasound assisted blanched and freeze dried sample group. The rehydration capacity of the dried samples increased significantly with the effect of ultrasound compared to the increase with the effect of electroplasmolysis application (P≤0.05). Zucchini chips with higher quality characteristics were produced by these combined applications. The electrical method can be alternatively used for drying pretreatments in the food industry with the advantage of decreasing the processing time and improving the textural and sensorial properties compared to the method of hot drying.

In this study, newly formulated gluten-free chips with almond powder were produced. Almond powders were obtained using 3 different drying methods: oven drying, freeze drying, and microwave drying. This study aimed to determine the effect of drying almond powders used in gluten-free chip production using different drying methods and then adding different ratios (10% and 30%) of these powders to the chips on the physicochemical, textural, mineral, and sensory properties of the chips. The physical, textural, mineral, and sensory analyses were then carried out. The moisture content values of the chips with almond powder were < 6.32% and the water activity values were < 0.300. Adding almond powder increased the total fat and protein content of the chip samples. The protein content of the gluten-free chips increased by 34.69-257.14% compared to the control sample and the highest protein content (1.75%) was determined in the samples containing 30% of the almond powder obtained using the microwave drying method. The hardness of the gluten-free chips decreased by increasing the almond powder. The addition of the almond powder to the chip formulation generally increased the B, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents of the gluten-free chips. All chip samples enriched with almond powder showed similar overall acceptability scores (5.00-6.89).