This study is devoted to the experimental and analytical investigation of the mechanism underlying the formation of the ‘black crackle’ decorative effect on the surface of ceramic glaze, which arises as a result of the thermochemical transformation of a bio-derived organic precursor under oxygen-limited conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the thermal conversion products of the bio-precursor on the phase composition, microstructure, local distribution of elements and optical properties of the ceramic glaze, as well as to establish the mechanism underlying the formation of the decorative effect. The experimental programme was initially planned using the Taguchi approach; however, the processing conditions were subsequently adjusted based on preliminary experimental observations. The resulting samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS), and spectrophotometric measurements using the CIELAB system. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the decoration process did not lead to any significant change in the composition of the main crystalline phase of the glaze. FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed chemical changes consistent with the thermal transformation of the bio-derived precursor. SEM–EDS observations revealed local differences in the detected carbon signal at selected microzones of the craquelure network; however, carbon coating and the limited number of measurement points prevent the distribution of precursor-derived carbonaceous material from being established directly. Spectrophotometric results confirmed a reduction in brightness and an increase in the total color difference in the decorated samples. Taken together, the results indicate that the black crackle decorative effect is associated with optical changes in the glazed surface rather than a detectable change in the main crystalline phase composition of the glaze. The possible contribution of carbon-rich thermally transformed material in selected crack regions remains a proposed mechanism requiring further verification. The proposed approach opens up new scientific and technological prospects for the use of bio-waste as a functional precursor in the decoration of ceramic surfaces.

This study is devoted to the experimental and analytical investigation of the mechanism underlying the formation of the ‘black crackle’ decorative effect on the surface of ceramic glaze, which arises as a result of the thermochemical transformation of a bio-derived organic precursor under reducing conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the thermal conversion products of the bio-precursor on the phase composition, microstructure, local distribution of elements and optical properties of the ceramic glaze, as well as to establish the mechanism underlying the formation of the decorative effect. The experimental programme covered various combinations of temperature, storage time and the amount of bioprecursor, using the Taguchi method. The resulting samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS), and spectrophotometric measurements using the CIELAB system. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the decoration process did not lead to any significant change in the composition of the main crystalline phase of the glaze. FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed chemical changes consistent with carbonization resulting from the thermal degradation of the bioprecursor. SEM-EDS observations showed that the carbonized products are distributed unevenly across the entire surface and are mainly localized in individual microzones of the craquelure network. Spectrophotometric results confirmed a reduction in brightness and an increase in the total color difference in the decorated samples. An integrated analysis of the results showed that the black crackle decorative effect is formed not through the formation of a new crystalline phase, but through the local accumulation of carbonized products in specific areas of the crackle network—products formed as a result of the thermochemical transformation of the bio-precursor under reducing conditions—and the optical contrast created thereby. The proposed approach opens up new scientific and technological prospects for the use of bio-waste as a functional precursor in the decoration of ceramic surfaces.

Qarabağ regionunun zəngin mədəni irsi və tətbiqi dekorativ və bədii sənət ənənələri əsasında milli brendin formalaşması üçün böyük potensialı var. Lakin bu brendin moda və mədəni turizm vasitəsilə davamlı inkişafı birbaşa ekoloji cəhətdən təmiz və davamlı dizayn yanaşmaları ilə bağlıdır. Bu məqalə moda turizmi kontekstində Qarabağın mədəni kodlarının müasir dizayna inteqrasiya olunması prosesində yaranan ekoloji çağırışları, material və enerji dövrlərini, etik istehsal standartlarını və rəqəmsal transformasiyanın rolunu təhlil edir. Müəllif dairəvi dizaynı, yavaş modanı, yerli resursların səfərbərliyini, AR/VR əsaslı mədəni təcrübələri və ekoloji cəhətdən təmiz tədbirlər üçün standartları birləşdirən konseptual model təklif edir.

Contemporary design theory increasingly demands integrative approaches that synthesize human well-being, technological adaptability, and ecological balance. This article proposes a new conceptual framework – the Adaptive-Salutogenic Design Paradigm – which conceptualizes design environments not as collections of static objects, but as complex systems of dynamic interactions among humans, technology, and ecosystems. The study is grounded in a comparative analysis of contemporary design theories – human-centred design, sustainable design, biomimicry, biophilic design, phenomenological design, and neuroarchitecture – and offers an integrative framework that transcends the fragmentary nature of these approaches. The article also introduces a multi-criteria assessment model – the Universal Design Effectiveness Index (UDEI). This index accounts for the balance between positive factors (human fit, sensory coherence, psychological restoration potential, adaptive technologies, ecological performance, and longevity) and constraining factors (cognitive overload, resource consumption, and technological obsolescence risk). The model’s applicability is demonstrated through an illustrative analysis of a material museum-laboratory educational environment. The proposed conceptual framework opens new methodological perspectives for the analytical assessment and optimization of design environments.