The diet of women in the preconception period and during pregnancy has a crucial impact on the development of the fetus and the health and metabolism of the baby. The energy requirements of a pregnant woman are higher, in addition, she should ensure an appropriate intake of particular nutrients and fluids. Folic acid supplementation is the most effective intervention in reducing congenital neural coil defects, as is stopping the consumption of alcohol and minimizing the intake of caffeinated beverages. The aim of the study was to assess the dietary habits, including caffeine and alcohol consumption, of women who are pregnant or preparing to conceive a child. The study population comprised (n=539) Polish women. An original questionnaire was used, including a metric and questions about preparation for pregnancy and dietary habits. Responses were collected via the Internet in forums for pregnant women. Of the total of the women surveyed, 73% said they were preparing for pregnancy. 64% of the respondents began taking folic acid supplements and 49% had started vitamin and mineral supplementation. Only 21% of women said they had changed their diet in preparation for conceiving offspring. As many as 34% of women said they themselves had adequate knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy, while 43% searched for information on this topic on the Internet. The factor that differentiated the practiced eating habits to the greatest extent was the level of education. Despite numerous recommendations, there are still many women who do not prepare for pregnancy and do not follow preconception recommendations. A large number of Polish women with lower education still do not take folic acid. It is necessary to educate the society also about harmful effects of alcohol on the developing fetus. Knowledge should be spread with the use of social media, because women often look for information about nutritional rules on the Internet.

Background: Cancer is a health problem both in Poland and around the world due to its incidence and potential mortality. Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor that originates from melanocytes. It is the most important risk associated with UV radiation. An important topic is the promotion of knowledge of it among young people from an early age to prevent skin lesions. Skin disease prevention should be discussed at subsequent stages of school education. Children and adolescents should be aware of the negative effects of UV radiation. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and use of protection by primary and secondary school students regarding the occurrence and prevention of skin cancer, with particular emphasis on melanoma. Material and methods: As many as 224 young people took part in the study. An original questionnaire was used, consisting of sociodemographic questions and questions checking young people’s knowledge about skin cancer risk factors and skin disease prevention. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. To check the statistical significance of the obtained results, the significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: Skin problems occurred in 38.84% (N = 87) of respondents. Most of the respondents (80.36%, N = 180) do not use solariums and are aware that solariums are the main factor causing melanoma (81.70%, N = 183). As many as 78.57% (N = 176) of respondents claim that skin disease prevention has never been discussed at school and most young people (60.27%, N = 135) do not know about dermatoscopic examination. Most students (70.54%, N = 158) expressed their desire to expand their knowledge about skin diseases and their prevention. Conclusions: Due to the limited knowledge of children and adolescents about skin cancers, including melanoma, as well as the common disregard among this group of preventive measures related to the broadly understood prevention of their development, further theoretical education and promotion of healthy behaviors that reduce the risk of the disease are necessary.

Background/Objectives: Deep endometriosis surgery may require bowel and multiorgan procedures. We quantified the frequency of a hemoglobin decline of at least 3 g/dL and examined associations with surgery duration and clinically recognizable measures of operative extent. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort included the first eligible surgery per patient from 2020 through 2025. Hemoglobin decline was the last preoperative value within 7 days before surgery minus the lowest recorded postoperative value through day 3. Multivariable regression examined a decline of at least 3 g/dL and continuous decline; secondary analyses assessed operative extent, models excluding preoperative hemoglobin, and missing data. Results: Among 424 patients, 416 (98.1%) had paired measurements; 156/416 (37.5%) met the primary outcome. Each additional surgical hour was associated with higher odds (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–1.91); the estimate was similar without preoperative hemoglobin (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.28–1.76). Continuous decline was 0.20 g/dL greater per hour (95% CI, 0.13–0.26). The lowest recorded postoperative value occurred on days 2–3 in 242/421 patients (57.5%); sampling was not standardized. Among 379 patients with available resection-multiplicity data, exploratory outcome rates were 14.5%, 38.3%, and 54.9% after no, one, and multiple full-thickness bowel resections, respectively. Conclusions: A hemoglobin decline of at least 3 g/dL occurred after 37.5% of surgeries. Longer duration was associated with greater decline; exploratory analyses suggested gradients with operative extent. Their monitoring value requires prospective evaluation. Preoperative anemia remains relevant because the same decline produces a lower postoperative concentration.

Background/Objectives: Deep endometriosis surgery may require bowel and multiorgan procedures, but reported blood loss and complications do not fully characterize postoperative hemoglobin decline, a relevant consideration for patient blood management. We aimed to quantify the frequency of a hemoglobin decline of ≥3 g/dL and its association with surgery duration, with secondary exploratory analyses of operative extent. Methods: This retrospective single-center study in Opole, Poland, linked registry and laboratory records for first eligible surgeries during 2020–2025. Decline was the last preoperative hemoglobin within 7 days minus the recorded nadir through postoperative day 3. The ≥3 g/dL threshold was operational, not a validated minimum clinically important difference. Multivariable models examined binary and continuous decline; exploratory analyses assessed operative extent. Results: Among 424 patients, preoperative hemoglobin was <12 g/dL in 41/419 (9.8%) and <13 g/dL in 152/419 (36.3%). Of 416 with both measurements, 156 (37.5%) met the endpoint, whose ascertainment depended on available recorded postoperative measurements. Each additional hour was associated with higher odds (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–1.91), including without preoperative hemoglobin (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.28–1.76). Continuous decline was 0.20 g/dL greater per hour (95% CI, 0.13–0.26). Among 379 patients with resection-multiplicity data, unadjusted endpoint frequencies were 14.5%, 38.3%, and 54.9% after no, one, and multiple full-thickness resections. Conclusions: Longer duration was associated with greater decline. Exploratory operative-extent gradients require prospective evaluation with standardized sampling before informing monitoring. Preoperative anemia remains relevant because the same decline produces a lower postoperative concentration.