Background: Skin aging appears in multiple forms, including wrinkles, sagging, scarring, atrophy, and photoaging. Although each phenotype has distinct biological features, all are rooted in dermal fibroblast dysfunction. This review examines the molecular pathways underlying these conditions and evaluates topical interventions designed to restore skin integrity. Aims: To assess how dermal fibroblast dysfunction contributes to different skin aging phenotypes and to evaluate topical therapies targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted focusing on fibroblast‐related molecular pathways and topical interventions used for skin aging and rejuvenation. Results: UVB radiation contributes to wrinkle formation by activating collagen‐degrading enzymes in the upper dermis, whereas sagging results from UVA‐induced damage to deeper connective tissues and altered fat distribution. Scarring is characterized by excessive fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix overproduction, while atrophy develops through fibroblast senescence and loss of structural support. Photoaging involves oxidative stress and elastin disorganization caused by chronic ultraviolet exposure. Topical agents including retinol, niacinamide, caffeine, asiaticoside, and related compounds stimulate collagen synthesis, reduce matrix degradation, and protect fibroblasts from oxidative damage. Unlike previous reviews that examine skin aging as a single process, this review compares distinct aging phenotypes through the common framework of fibroblast dysfunction and their associated molecular targets. Conclusions: Dermal fibroblast dysfunction is a central mechanism underlying multiple forms of skin aging. Targeting fibroblast‐related pathways with topical therapies may address the biological causes of wrinkles, sagging, scarring, atrophy, and photoaging, supporting more personalized and effective skin rejuvenation strategies.

Background: The rising global incidence of Helicobacter pylori ‐related diseases, particularly gastric cancer, underscores the urgent need for effective preventive vaccines, motivating the exploration of innovative immunoinformatic strategies to address this public health challenge. Aims: The aim of this study was to design a multi‐epitope subunit vaccine for Helicobacter pylori using an immunoinformatics approach. Specifically, the objectives were to predict potential epitopes from the flagellin B and urease B proteins, integrate the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a mucosal adjuvant, and perform computational validation of the vaccine construct for antigenicity, stability, and interaction with immune receptors. Methods: This study utilized an immunoinformatics approach to design a multi‐epitope subunit vaccine, involving epitope prediction from flagellin B and urease B, integration of the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a mucosal adjuvant, and computational validation through tools like VaxiJen, Phyre2, MolProbity, and HDOCK for antigenicity, structure, and docking analysis. Results: The resulting vaccine construct comprises 406 amino acids with a molecular weight of 43 424.77 Da, exhibiting a predicted antigenic score of 1.0084, non‐allergenic and non‐toxic properties, and a stable physiochemical profile (instability index 23.51, GRAVY −0.425). Structural analysis suggested 99.1% (525/530) of residues in favored Ramachandran regions and 100.0% in allowed regions. Molecular docking with Toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR5) indicated a superior docking score of −309.05 and a confidence score of 0.9601, outperforming TLR2 (−250.74), with 10 CTL epitopes (6 from flagellin B, 4 from urease B), 6 HTL epitopes, and 2 LBL epitopes linked by AAY, GPGPG, and KK linkers, respectively. Conclusion: This research provides a computationally optimized vaccine design that shows potential for eliciting immune responses against H. pylori . Importantly, the findings remain entirely theoretical and require rigorous experimental validation in vitro and in vivo to assess their immunological relevance, safety, and efficacy before any translational or clinical application can be considered.