Rydberg-atom electric-field sensors have emerged as an important research direction in quantum precision measurement, owing to their intrinsic SI traceability, noninvasive measurement capability, and wide frequency tunability. However, under free-space conditions, the geometric divergence of microwaves (MWs) limits the practical detection performance of the system. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a metasurface-assisted Rydberg-atom hybrid sensor. Through introducing wavefront shaping of the incident microwave field with a metasurface (MS), electric-field enhancement in the atomic sensing region is achieved. Without altering the intrinsic sensitivity of the Rydberg-atom sensor, the equivalent sensitivity of the hybrid sensor is improved to $57.3\mathrm{nV}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{-1/2}$. This scheme provides a new route toward high-sensitivity, integrated quantum sensing of the microwave electric field.

Rydberg atoms enable sensitive electric-field measurements by converting field-induced changes in atomic energy levels into optically detectable signals. This work investigates four partial discharge models using Rydberg-atom sensing, a commercial ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) antenna, and a custom-built monopole antenna. The measured time-domain signals and phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) patterns are compared to evaluate their temporal features and phase-dependent distributions. Particular emphasis is placed on the contribution of atomic sensing to resolving low-frequency components of discharge signals, providing information complementary to conventional UHF measurements. By linking time-domain observations with PRPD characteristics, this study explores the potential of Rydberg-atom sensing to extend the spectral information available for partial discharge characterization.