Genital endometriosis (GE) is a widespread multifactorial disease thus making it necessary to carry on studying its pathogeny in order to work out target therapy techniques. Studying vitamin D role...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Further research is required to justify new directions of effective targeted therapy of this condit...

We performed a comparative cytogenomic analysis of cultured and uncultured uterine leiomyoma (UL) samples. The experimental approach included karyotyping, aCGH, verification of the detected chromosomal abnormalities by metaphase and interphase FISH, MED12 mutation analysis and telomere measurement by Q-FISH. An abnormal karyotype was detected in 12 out of 32 cultured UL samples. In five karyotypically abnormal ULs, MED12 mutations were found. The chromosomal abnormalities in ULs were present mostly by complex rearrangements, including chromothripsis. In both karyotypically normal and abnormal ULs, telomeres were ~40% shorter than in the corresponding myometrium, being possibly prerequisite to chromosomal rearrangements. The uncultured samples of six karyotypically abnormal ULs were checked for the detected chromosomal abnormalities through interphase FISH with individually designed DNA probe sets. All chromosomal abnormalities detected in cultured ULs were found in corresponding uncultured samples. In all tumors, clonal spectra were present by the karyotypically abnormal cell clone/clones which coexisted with karyotypically normal ones, suggesting that chromosomal abnormalities acted as drivers, rather than triggers, of the neoplastic process. In vitro propagation did not cause any changes in the spectrum of the cell clones, but altered their ratio compared to uncultured sample. The alterations were unique for every UL. Compared to its uncultured counterpart, the frequency of chromosomally abnormal cells in the cultured sample was higher in some ULs and lower in others. To summarize, ULs are characterized by both inter- and intratumor genetic heterogeneity. Regardless of its MED12 status, a tumor may be comprised of clones with and without chromosomal abnormalities. In contrast to the clonal spectrum, which is unique and constant for each UL, the clonal frequency demonstrates up or down shifts under in vitro conditions, most probably determined by the unequal ability of cells with different genetic aberrations to exist outside the body.

The paper is devoted to the results of histological examination of abortion material with immunohistochemical study of estrogen and progesterone expression during the early period of stilled pregnancy. It has been shown, that endogenous hormonal disorders in addition to chromosomal pathology, play an important role in the mechanisms of perinatal losses in the early stages, despite the powerful pharmacological hormonal support. Obviously, that not only the level of hormones in blood of women, but also the receptive ability of the endometrium for their realization has implications for succesful pregnancy.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare placental morphological features from women with different types of diabetes mellitus considering method of DM correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, single-center, cohort study was carried out. We analyzed morphological examination results of 3300 placentas, which made uр the following comparison groups: type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (n = 60), type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (n = 446), type 2 diabetes mellitus on diet (n = 95), type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy (n = 134), gestational diabetes mellitus on diet (n = 1652), gestational diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy (n = 735), preeclampsia (n = 39), and the control group (n = 139). The examined placentas were weighed, with their sizes (two diameters and thickness), cotyledon structure and defects assessed. We determined the umbilical cord junction and external characteristics of extraembryonic membranes. Fragments of the placenta (5 pieces) were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (pH 7.2), processed with the Leica TP1020 tissue processor and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections (3-4 m thick) were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. RESULTS: Following characteristics were typical for all types of diabetes mellitus: increased placental mass metrics, chronic placental insufficiency, dissociated villous maturation disorder with prevalent immaturity, as well as involutive-dystrophic and circulatory disorders of varying severity. Placentas from women with type 1 diabetes mellitus had the specific sings: the predominance of intermediate immature villi and stem villi stromal fibrosis. The frequency of placental infarcts and fibrinoid content in the intervillous space were comparable to those in placentas from women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory changes and moderate placental calcification were most consistently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while gestational diabetes mellitus was characterized by soft damages. Placentas with preeclampsia showed higher prevalence of premature villous maturation, compensated placental insufficiency, and fibrinoid depositions in the intervillous and subchorionic spaces. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding relationships between placental histological features and clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus makes it possible not only to clarify the pathophysiological processes occurring in this pathology but also to optimize the algorithm for the rational management of the neonatal period of children from mothers with diabetes mellitus.

Introduction. The application of modern methods for assessing the morphofunctional state of the endometrium to verify and study the expression of sex steroid hormones, proinflammatory markers and markers of angiogenesis using confocal laser scanning microscopy will allow an objective study of the role of studied markers in the pathogenesis of the endometrial dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of ER and PR receptors in endometrium in patients with endometrial dysfunction. Material and methods. Endometrial biopsy specimens obtained with the aid of a pile-biopsy or a scraping from the uterine cavity are used to conduct the method of immunofluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy. It is possible to use both cryostat material and paraffin blocks to provide the immunohistochemical analysis. Monoclonal antibodies to ER (1 : 60, Dako, Denmark) and PR (1 : 50, Dako, Denmark) are used as primary antibodies, antibodies conjugated with fluorochrome Alexa Fluor 647 (1 : 1000, Abcam, England) are used as secondary antibodies). Hoechst 33258 (Sigma, USA) is used for staining of cell nuclei. Results. A method of confocal laser scanning microscopy makes it possible to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the studied markers in different structures of the endometrium. (For citation: Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2017;66(3):8-15. doi: 10.17816/JOWD6638-15).