Most adults will experience low back pain during their lifetime, with most of these instances resolving or improving without sequelae in a few weeks. For the small number of patients with severe, recalcitrant pain, lumbar fusion may be required, particularly when concomitant leg pain or deformity is present. Lumbar interbody fusion surgery is the usual treatment for degenerative lumbar disease, but it requires a long recovery period. Many surgical techniques have been described in the literature for spondylolisthesis. The main objective is to create interbody fusion, decompression of normal structures and a stable vertebrae. TLIF surgical techniques has a long learning curve. Comorbidities of the patient may make surgery more difficult. Methods such as transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion, anterior lumbar interbody fusion and lateral lumbar interbody fusion are also available for interbody fusion in the literatüre. The aim of this review is to show which patients are more suitable for TLIF surgery and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of TLIF surgery over other techniques.

Isolated medial cuneiform fractures are quite rare. Conservative treatment is adequate in most cases, while deplaced or unstable fractures are treated surgically. Nonunion is seen extremely rarely after medial cuneiform fractures. There is only one case report in the literature. This case presented here is a 62-year-old male patient who had an isolated medial cuneiform fracture resulting from the impact of a falling metal object. Conservative treatment was performed initially. The patient was diagnosed as nonunion after physical and radiological examinations nine months after he presented to the outpatient clinic. Internal fixation with a mini plate and one staple after reduction was performed surgically. Defective region was filled with a 2 mL of autograft, and the operation was terminated.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine, by plain radiography, if there is a relationship between sacralization and low back pain.Methods. Five hundred lumbosacral radiographs of low back pain patients and 500 control groups were examined. Data collection consisted of the subject’s age at the time of imaging, gender, number of lumbar vertebral bodies, and bilateral height measurement of the lowest lumbar transverse process. Dysplastic transverse processes were classified according to the Castellvi radiographic classification system. The incidence of sacralization in patients and the control groups was reported, and the anomaly was compared according to the groups.Results. Of these patients groups, 106 were classified as positive for sacralization, which resulted in an incidence of 21.2%. The most common anatomical variant was Castellvi Type IA (6.8%). In the control group, 84 were classified as positive for sacralization, which resulted in an incidence of 16.8%. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups for having sacralization (P= 0.09).Discussion. The relationship between sacralization and low back pain is not clear. Because of this controversial future studies need to focus on identifying other parameters that are relevant to distinguishing lumbosacral variation, as well as corroborating the results obtained here with data from other samples.