Background/Aims: Functional connectivity studies based on region of interest approach suggest altered functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). The aim of this study is to determine whether intranetwork and internetwork brain connectivity are altered in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and traumatized subjects without PTSD using a data-driven approach. Methods: Resting-state functional MRI data were acquired for 27 patients with typhoon-related PTSD, 33 trauma-exposed controls (TEC), and 30 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity within the DMN, ECN, and SN as well as functional and effective connectivity between these resting-state networks were examined with independent component analysis (ICA), and then compared between groups by conducting analysis of variance. Results: Within the DMN, the TEC group showed decreased and increased functional connectivity in the superior frontal gyrus compared with the PTSD group and the HC group, respectively. The TEC group showed increased angular functional connectivity within the DMN and decreased functional connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus/posterior insula within the SN relative to the HC group. Compared with the TEC group, the PTSD group showed increased functional connectivity in the middle frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area within the ECN as well as in the inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula within the SN. The PTSD group showed decreased functional connectivity in the supplementary motor area within the SN relative to both control groups. Moreover, the PTSD showed increased excitatory influence from the ECN to DMN compared with both control groups, while the TEC group showed increased inhibitory influence from the DMN to ECN compared with the HC group. Intranetwork functional connectivity within the DMN and SN is altered in traumatized subjects irrespective of PTSD diagnosis. PTSD patients also showed altered intranetwork functional connectivity within the ECN. Conclusions: Distinct changes of effective connectivity between the DMN and ECN in the PTSD group and TEC group may reflect different compensatory mechanisms for rebalance of resting-state networks in the two groups.

Background: Differences in cortical morphology have been reported in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathophysiological mechanism of transcriptomic vulnerability in local brain regions remains unclear.Objective: This study aimed to characterize the morphometric changes of brain regions in early drug‐naive PD patients and uncover the brain‐wide gene expression correlates.Methods: The morphometric similarity (MS) network analysis was used to quantify the interregional structural similarity from multiple magnetic resonance imaging anatomical indices measured in each brain region of 170 early drug‐naive PD patients and 123 controls. Then, we applied partial least squares regression to determine the relationship between regional changes in MS and spatial transcriptional signatures from the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset, and identified the specific genes related to MS differences in PD. We further investigated the biological processes by which the PD‐related genes were enriched and the cellular characterization of these genes.Results: Our results showed that MS was mainly decreased in cingulate, frontal, and temporal cortical areas and increased in parietal and occipital cortical areas in early drug‐naive PD patients. In addition, genes whose expression patterns were associated with regional MS changes in PD were involved in astrocytes, excitatory, and inhibitory neurons and were functionally enriched in neuron‐specific biological processes related to trans‐synaptic signaling and nervous system development.Conclusions: These findings advance our understanding of the microscale genetic and cellular mechanisms driving macroscale morphological abnormalities in early drug‐naive PD patients and provide potential targets for future therapeutic trials.