Inclusion of microbial fermented soybean meal in broiler feed has induced advantageous outcomes for their performance and gastrointestinal health by exhibiting probiotic effects. In this study, soybean meal (SBM) was subjected to double-stage microbial fermentation utilizing functional metabolites of fungi and bacteria. In the broiler diet, DFSBM replaced SBM at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. DFSBM was reported to have higher protein content and total essential, nonessential, and free amino acids (increased by 3.67%, 12.81%, 10.10%, and 6.53)-fold, respectively, compared to SBM. Notably, phytase activity and lactic acid bacteria increased, while fiber, lipid, and trypsin inhibitor contents decreased by 13.82%, 38.31%, and 73.50%, respectively, in a diet containing 100% DFSBM compared to SBM. Improved growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility, including phosphorus and calcium, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activities were observed in groups fed higher DFSBM levels. In addition, higher inclusion levels of DFSBM increased blood immune response (IgG, IgM, nitric oxide, and lysozyme levels) and liver antioxidant status. Jejunal amino acids- and peptide-transporter-encoding genes (LAT1, CAT-1, CAT-2, PepT-1, and PepT-2) were upregulated with increasing levels of DFSBM in the ration. Breast muscle crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus retention were increased, especially at higher inclusion levels of DFSBM. Coliform bacteria load was significantly reduced, while lactic acid bacteria count in broiler intestines was increased with higher dietary levels of DFSBM. In conclusion, replacement of SBM with DFSBM positively impacted broiler chicken feed utilization and boosted chickens’ amino acid transportation, in addition to improving the nutritional value of their breast meat.

In this paper, we have reported a low-concentration active electrolyte of KBrO₃ for the supercapacitor’s application. The electrochemical processes were carried out in two concentrations of KBrO₃ with 0.2 and 0.4 M. Additionally, we have reported a novel strategy for doping graphene during its fabrication process with a potassium bromide (KBr) solution. The chemical doping of graphene with KBr improved the electrochemical properties of graphene used as supercapacitors. HRTEM images confirmed the multi-layer graphene obtained by CO₂ laser based on polyimide. The effect of KBr on the graphene lattice has been studied using Raman spectroscopy. The two electrodes of graphene and KBr-doped graphene were subjected to the electrochemical properties study as a supercapacitor by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The results exhibited the successful method of graphene doping and the stability of using KBrO₃ as a suitable electrolyte for electrochemical processes with this lower molarity. The specific capacitance of the pristine graphene capacitor in 0.2 M of KBrO₃ was 33 Fg⁻¹, while this value increased up to 70 Fg⁻¹ for KBr-doped graphene in 0.4 M of KBrO₃. The specific capacity in mAhg⁻¹ has also increased twofold. The results exhibited the possibility of using KBrO₃ as an electrolyte. The supercapacitor performance almost showed good stability in the life cycle.

This study aims to evaluate the mating act in camel herds with a small female number and to determine the causes of noises and disturbances heard among the members at night during the breeding season. The proper sex ratio in the camel herds is one male for 50-80 females, so the small number of females could not be sufficient for the intense desire of males during the short breeding season. The later situation worsens if more than one male exists within the herd members. The dominant males spent a longer time in mating (P < 0.01) than the submissive ones. The mating time increased (P < 0.01) if the females showed their readiness for copulation. The mating performance was successful if one male existed alone. The submissive male failed in performing intromission during the dominant presence. Improper sex ratio because of the small number of females did not satisfy the male desire. Therefore, the dominant male pretended to rest beside a preferred female at night in order to rape her through sudden mounting. Forced mating occurred by either coercion or deceiving the females. After mounting, the forced females tried to get rid of the males by biting his knee or face seriously. The behavioral responses of the forced females were the same whether they held down by the male or after tying their legs as many breeders do. During coercion, the male tried to fix her underneath by pressing her forearms. The later situation would probably end with improper intromission and in turn impaired reproduction.

Background and Aim: The isopods of the Crustacea are noteworthy. All marine, fresh, and brackish waterways at all depths are home to aquatic organisms. This order also includes species that live on land. This study aimed to report a new occurrence of the isopod Cirolana capricornica on the operculum, mouth, and body cavities of Epinephilus chlorostigma in the Suez Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: With the help of fishermen, 50 live E. chlorostigma (Linnaeus, 1758) were randomly gathered along the Red Sea coast of the Suez Governorate during November and December 2019 for the current investigation. Isopods were isolated from the fish samples and captured using light and electron microscopy for morphological identification. Results: Some fish were emaciated, and minute white isopods were attached externally to the skin near the gills and mouth cavity, and internally to the mouth cavity. No correlation was observed between body cavity attachment and gross lesions. The prevalence of infestation was 16%. Conclusion: C. capricornica was identified using optical and electron microscopy to analyze the isopod specimens’ morphology. This scavenging isopod species is newly discovered in Egypt. Keywords: Cirolanidae, clinical picture, Crustacea, Isopoda, prevalence.

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Guinea fowl production makes significant contributions to animal protein through producing cheap meat and eggs, which serve as a buffer to shortages of poultry products. This study aims to e the effect of vitamin C, vitamin E solely and together on laying performance, egg quality and some blood parameters of Guinea fowl. A total of 180 black guinea fowls at eight months of age were equally divided into four groups, 45 birds, each. Each group was subdivided into 3 replicates, each one consists of 15 birds. The dietary treatments include the control group (basal diet); basal diet plus 500 mg /kg vitamin C (T1); basal diet plus 200 mg/kg vitamin E and basal diet plus 500 mg vitamin C and 200 mg vitamin E /kg feed. The results revealed that, the overall production characters including livability of laying guinea fowl were significantly improved (P<0.05) by the dietary inclusion of vitamin C and E singly or in combinations. The hen day egg production %, egg mass, albumen height, albumen weight, egg length, egg width and egg shell thickness were higher (P < 0.01) in the group supplemented with the combination of vitamin C and E in comparison with other treatment groups. In addition, supplementation of the dietary combination of vitamin C and E significantly increased (P<0.01) the Newcastle vaccine antibody titer and blood metabolites than single supplementation of both vitamins. In conclusion, the combined dietary supplementation of 500 mg /kg vitamin C and 200 mg/kg vitamin E had proved to be successful in improving the productive performance, egg quality, immune responses and the general health of black guinea fowl under present experimental conditions. This study proposes the synergistic beneficial action between vitamin C and vitamin E when supplemented together to Guinea fowl.