Tri-layer Si/mullite/Yb₂SiO₅ environmental barrier coating (EBC) was prepared on the SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD). The EBC samples were carried out with water vapor corrosion at 1300 °C for 200 h. After steam corrosion, Yb₂SiO₅ layer forms a gradient porous structure. This is mainly due to the inclusion of SiO₂-rich layer which is precipitated from the gasification inside the coating and existing a small amount of Yb₂O₃ separately. During the corrosion process, water vapor infiltrates into the coating and reacts with the SiO₂ and Yb₂O₃ to generate volatile substances. This forms a porous structure to make the coating brittle, resulting in mud cracks finally. In addition, the results show that the Yb₂SiO₅ can react with the water vapor at the coating surface, forming an Yb₂Si₂O₇ top layer.

FeCo thin films with high saturation magnetization (4 πM_s) can be applied in high-frequency electronic devices such as thin film inductors and microwave noise suppressors. However, due to its large magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant and magnetostrictive coefficient of FeCo, the coercivity (H_c) of FeCo films is generally high, which is detrimental to the soft magnetic properties. Meanwhile, the thickness and deposition temperature have significant effects on the coercivity and saturation magnetization of FeCo films. In this paper, FeCo thin films with different thicknesses were prepared by magnetron sputtering at different temperatures. The effects of thickness and deposition temperature on the microstructure and magnetic properties of FeCo thin films were systematically studied. When the film thickness increases from 50 nm to 800 nm, the coercivity would decrease from 309 Oe to 160 Oe. However, the saturation magnetization decreases from 22.1 kG to 15.3 kG. After that, we try to further increase the deposition temperature from room temperature (RT) to 475 °C. It is intriguing to find that the coercivity greatly decreased from 160 Oe to 3 Oe (decreased by 98%), and the saturation magnetization increased from 15.3 kG to 23.5 kG (increased by 53%) for the film with thickness of 800 nm. For the film with thickness of 50 nm, the coercivity also greatly decreased from 309 Oe to 10 Oe (decreased by 96%), but the saturation magnetization did not change significantly. It is contributed to the increase of deposition temperature, which will lead to the increase of grain size and the decrease of the number of grain boundaries. And the coercivity decreases as the number of grain boundaries decreases. Meanwhile, for the thicker films, when increasing the deposition temperature the thermal stress increases, which changes the appearance of (200) texture, and the saturation magnetization increases. Whereas, it has a negligible effect on the orientation of thin films with small thickness (50 nm). This indicates that high-temperature deposition is beneficial to the soft magnetic properties of FeCo thin films, particularly for the films with larger thickness. This FeCo thin film with high saturation magnetization and low coercivity could be an ideal candidate for high-frequency electronic devices.

Isotropic NdFeB permanent magnets were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Melt spun NdFeB ribbons with two compositions and four particle size ranges, i.e. 200–400, 100–200, 45–100 and 0·8 T and maximum energy product (BH)_max>100 kJ m⁻³ were obtained. The influence of particle size on the magnetic properties is not very significant. For single phase NdFeB alloys with stoichiometric 2∶14∶1 composition, because of the deficiency of Nd rich phases, it is relatively difficult to consolidate microsized powders into high density bulk magnet, but generally, a larger particle size is beneficial to achieve better magnetic properties, including higher J_r and (BH)_max.