A great deal of attention has been focused on the secondary metabolites produced by marine endophytic fungi, which can be better alternatives to chemicals, such as biopesticides, for control of polyphagous pests. On the basis of its novel biocontrol attributes, chemical investigation of a marine alga-derived endophytic fungus, Acremonium vitellinum, resulted in the isolation of three chloramphenicol derivatives (compounds 1–3). Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and by comparison with the data available in the literature. In this paper, compound 2 was firstly reported as the natural origin of these fungal secondary metabolites. The insecticidal activities of compounds 1–3 against the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, were evaluated. The natural compound 2 presented considerable activity against H. armigera, with an LC₅₀ value of 0.56 ± 0.03 mg/mL (compared to matrine with an LC₅₀ value of 0.24 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Transcriptome sequencing was used to evaluate the molecular mechanism of the insecticidal activities. The results presented in this study should be useful for developing compound 2 as a novel, ecofriendly and safe biopesticide.

Bacillus velezensis FC02 efficiently degrades butralin via nitro-reduction, dealkylation, and hydroxylation, achieving degradation under optimized conditions.

Correction for ‘Biodegradation mechanism of butralin by a newly isolated Bacillus velezensis FC02’ by Feifei Tan et al. , RSC Adv. , 2025, 15 , 37461–37473, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02138C.