Gloria Kim

Dr. Gloria Kim

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Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

1Year (2026-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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6 November 2026 in Preprints.org
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ASAlfredo Bayu Satriya
Alfredo Bayu Satriya
MTMyles Joshua Toledo Tan
Myles Joshua Toledo Tan
YYYong-Kyu Yoon
Yong-Kyu Yoon
GKGloria Kim
Gloria Kim
Radio-frequency (RF) reflection measurements provide a non-ionizing approach for estimating biological tissue thickness; however, accurately resolving deeper tissues is difficult because their reflections are attenuated and superimposed with those from overlying layers. This study presents a physics-guided stacked-regression framework for estimating subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), muscle tissue (MT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thicknesses from simulated scattering parameters. A planar multilayer abdominal model containing 120 combinations of SAT, MT, and VAT thicknesses was evaluated. The input features consisted of the magnitude of S11 at ten frequencies from 300 MHz to 2 GHz, including four intermediate frequencies at 600, 700, 800, and 900 MHz that were absent from the previous model. Target-specific frequency subsets were selected and evaluated using polynomial regression and five-fold cross-validation. Multilayer reflection theory was used to explain the nonlinear relationship between tissue thickness and the measured RF response. The extended-frequency models achieved errors of 1.96%, 7.60%, and 19.86% for SAT, MT, and VAT, respectively, compared with 2.56%, 11.42%, and 39.10% in the previous model. A selective stacked architecture was subsequently evaluated by using an estimated overlying tissue thickness as an additional input for a deeper-tissue estimator. Adding predicted SAT thickness degraded MT estimation, whereas adding predicted MT thickness improved VAT estimation. The final stacked VAT model achieved an RMSE of 0.14±0.11 mm, an R2 of 0.97±0.02, and an error of 12.49%, corresponding to a 68.06% error reduction relative to the previous VAT model. These findings demonstrate that denser frequency sampling and selectively applied anatomical guidance can improve RF-based estimation of deeper tissue layers.