Raman micro-spectroscopy is a non-destructive and non-contact analytical technique that combines microscopy and spectroscopy, thus providing a potential for non-invasive and in situ molecular identification, even over heterogeneous and rare samples such as fossilized tissues. Recently, chemical imaging techniques have become an increasingly popular tool for characterizing trace elements, isotopic information, and organic markers in fossils. Raman spectroscopy also shows a growing potential in understanding bone microstructure, chemical composition, and mineral assemblance affected by diagenetic processes. In our lab, we have investigated a wide range of different fossil tissues, mainly of Mesozoic vertebrates (from Jurassic through Cretaceous). Besides standard spectra of sedimentary rocks, including pigment contamination, our Raman spectra also exhibit interesting spectral features in the 1200–1800 cm⁻¹ spectral range, where Raman bands of proteins, nucleic acids, and other organic molecules can be identified. In the present study, we discuss both a possible origin of the observed bands of ancient organic residues and difficulties with definition of the specific spectral markers in fossilized soft and hard tissues.

This study focuses on sedimentation patterns and paleoecological conditions during the Upper Miocene in Southeast Iran, specifically analyzing the Rudig section. The sedimentation was predominantly terrigenous and occurred in marine conditions, forming multiple shallowing upwards sequences comprising silty marl, siltstone, and sandstone. The analysis of molluscan shells from this period indicates minimal bioerosion, with encrusters represented solely by Balanus sp. This low level of encrustation suggests rapid sedimentation and brief exposure times. Bioerosion was limited, with Caulostrepsis taeniola borings found only in the shells of vermetid Thylacodes sp. and predatory gastropod Conus sp. Predatory drillings, identified as Oichnus paraboloides were present in the shells of Turritella sp., Corbula sp., and Bursa sp., along with occasional shell aperture peeling repairs in Turritella sp. The presence of abundant large Thalassinoides burrows in the sandstone facies, along with moderate ichnodiversity supports the interpretation of the sandstone facies as shoreface. The rare occurrence of Ophiomorpha nodosa in siltstone facies, and the dominance of burrowing crustaceans in shallow water facies and suspension-feeding mollusks in deeper facies, provides further insight into the paleoenvironment. This study offers a detailed reconstruction of the sedimentary and ecological dynamics during the Upper Miocene in this region, enhancing our understanding of paleoenvironmental conditions and faunal interactions. Keywords: biofacies, sedimentary facies, bioerosion, encrustation, predation, Cenozoic.

Trouvez l'article de fascicule Samotherium Major, 1888 (Giraffidae) skulls from the late Miocene Maragheh fauna (Iran) and the validity of Alcicephalus Rodler & Weithofer, 1890 sur le site des Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

The renowned Late Miocene locality of Maragheh (northwest Iran) has yielded ample material of chalicotheres, most of which has never been described in detail. The present study concerns the taxonomic evaluation of this material and its attribution to the large schizotheriine Ancylotherium pentelicum. This allows a detailed comparison to schizotheriine material from other localities, and based on this, we provide an overview of the diagnostic features of Ancylotherium that separate it from all other chalicotheres. This improves our understanding of the type species A. pentelicum. Additionally, we discuss the palaeobiogeography of the species, which is best known from the Balkan Peninsula. Maragheh marks the easternmost occurrence of A. pentelicum, but its presence has even been suggested in Africa. Lastly, we discuss the existence of sexual size dimorphism in the species, based on the herein described material along with previously described specimens of A. pentelicum from other fossil sites, such as the famous Late Miocene localities Pikermi and Samos (Greece). Specifically, it is shown that many postcranial elements exhibit great size variability that is most probably associated with significant sexual dimorphism.