Background: The direction of deviation in strabismus may influence the predictability of the surgical procedure, but this factor remains insufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative changes in ocular deviation, measured by video oculography, following surgical treatment in patients with concomitant exotropia and esotropia. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study included 49 patients with horizontal strabismus. All patients underwent an eye examination before and after surgery, with ocular deviation measured in nine gaze positions using video oculography. Preoperative and postoperative results were analyzed separately for esotropias and exotropias to assess surgical efficacy in both conditions. Results: Ocular deviation significantly improved after strabismus surgery in both esotropia and exotropia across all nine gaze positions (p < 0.05). The greatest improvement was observed in the primary position, with an efficacy rate of 75% in exotropia (mean reduction of 14.93 prism diopters) and 78% in esotropia (mean reduction of 17.50 prism diopters). Residual postoperative deviation was similar between the two types of strabismus (p > 0.05). In non-primary gaze positions, surgical efficacy was lower—particularly during complex eye movements—in both groups. Conclusions: Strabismus surgery resulted in a significant reduction in ocular deviation across all gaze positions in patients with concomitant horizontal strabismus, as objectively assessed by video oculography. Postoperative improvements were comparable between exotropia and esotropia, with the highest surgical efficacy observed in the primary gaze position. These findings support the use of objective multigaze evaluation to more comprehensively characterize postoperative alignment and to inform future assessments of surgical outcomes.

Background: The impact of cataract surgery on anterior segment structures in subjects affected by primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in anterior segment parameters after cataract surgery in POAG subjects compared with non-glaucoma subjects (control). Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted, including patients scheduled for cataract surgery who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination before and after surgery using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Longitudinal changes and between-group comparisons were analyzed. Results: The results demonstrated a significant enlargement of the anterior chamber and iridocorneal angles after surgery in both groups (p < 0.05), with no significant differences between POAG and control eyes (p > 0.05). Several preoperative parameters, particularly angle-related metrics, were correlated with postoperative anatomical changes, suggesting their potential role as predictors of anterior segment variation (R > 0.50; p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides a detailed characterization of anterior segment changes in POAG subjects following cataract surgery, demonstrating anterior chamber enlargement comparable to that observed in non-glaucoma eyes, which may assist clinicians in the management of glaucoma.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in vision science are commonly evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, yet Rasch-based statistics may provide different information about their reliability. This study compared Cronbach’s alpha, a Classical Test Theory (CTT) index, with Rasch person reliability and the person separation ratio across three vision-related questionnaires: the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD; n = 434), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI; n = 294), and the Quality of Vision questionnaire (QoV; n = 288), using retrospective data from unselected clinical populations. Cronbach’s alpha indicated acceptable internal consistency across all questionnaires (α = 0.80–0.87), whereas Rasch person reliability was lower (0.62–0.80) and person separation ratios ranged from 1.29 to 2.00, indicating more limited discrimination. Item reliability was generally high (0.90–0.97) overall but declined in subgroups with restricted score variability. Discrepancies were most pronounced in the OSDI, where estimates approached their theoretical floor when subgroups were defined by the questionnaire’s own scores. Cronbach’s alpha and Rasch-based statistics are not interchangeable and capture different aspects of measurement precision: alpha may overestimate internal consistency, whereas person reliability and the separation ratio provide complementary information about discriminatory capacity. These findings support reporting both CTT and Rasch-based reliability statistics when evaluating vision-related PROMs in clinical populations.