Suicides and suicidal behaviors are complex disorders with diverse symptoms, often lacking clear etiology, especially in spontaneous or childhood cases. This complicates timely diagnosis, therapy, and treatment. As a result, research into markers for depression and suicidal behavior continues. The use of artificial intelligence represents a significant advancement in suicide prevention, offering new tools for early detection and intervention to improve outcomes for at-risk individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 726,000 people commit suicide, not counting the much larger number of people who attempt suicide each year. Suicides occur throughout life, but in 2021 they became one of the leading causes of death among 15-29 year-olds worldwide. This problem is also relevant in Kazakhstan, and this article is the first to reflect an interdisciplinary approach to suicide prevention among minors using AI methods in application to scientific data obtained in the study of respondents with suicidal behavior. Suicide is a significant public health issue with profound societal impacts. Its effects extend beyond the loss of life, leading to emotional suffering for families and loved ones, and economic losses from reduced productivity and increased healthcare costs. For each suicide, there are over 30 attempted suicides, compounding the social and economic burden. The repercussions affect countless individuals, both directly and indirectly, leaving long-lasting emotional and financial strain. Additionally, the economic impact includes treatment costs for psychosomatic and mental disorders in those left behind, highlighting the extensive and multifaceted consequences of suicidal behavior.

Background: Inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) occupy a significant place in human hereditary pathology, occur in all populations, and have severe clinical manifestations. It is known that IMDs are one of the significant causes of childhood morbidity and mortality throughout the world, the indicators of which directly depend on the possibilities of diagnosing and introducing neonatal screening for IMDs in each country. For the first time, the Republic of Kazakhstan expanded neonatal screening by including neonatal selective screening of newborns for 49 IMDs using tandem mass spectrometry (TMS). The aim of this study was a primary analysis of the frequency of IMD in selective and mass screening, and clarification of the reference standards of the analyzed metabolites in the Kazakhstani population. Methods: Dry blood drops collected from newborns aged from 0 days to 6 months served as the material for the study (n=1000). The research method was tandem mass spectrometry. Result: The results of neonatal selective screening for IMD in the Republic of Kazakhstan showed that their preliminary frequency is 16.0 per 1000 newborns, the main share of IMD falls on defects in β-oxidation of fatty acids and lysosomal storage diseases (25.0%), followed by organic aciduria and peroxisomal diseases (18.7%), disorders of the urea cycle and aminoacidopathy - (6.3%). Conclusion: Early screening and diagnosis with TMS can help reduce mortality and morbidity among children with IMD. Timely treatment, will improve the health of newborns and reduce the incidence of birth defects, as well as reduce the economic burden on patients, families, and society. Актуальность: Наследственные болезни обмена (НБО) занимают значительное место в наследственной патологии человека, встречаются во всех популяциях и имеют тяжелые клинические проявления. Известно, что НБО являются одной из значимых причин детской заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире, показатели которой напрямую зависят от возможностей диагностики и внедрения неонатального скрининга НБО в каждой стране. Впервые в Республике Казахстан неонатальный скрининг был расширен за счет включения неонатального селективного скрининга новорожденных на 49 НБО с использованием тандемной масс-спектрометрии (ТМС). Целью данного исследованиябыл первичный анализ частоты НБО при выборочном и массовом скрининге, уточнение референтных стандартов анализируемых метаболитов в казахстанской популяции. Методы.Материалом для исследования послужили сухие капли крови, взятые у новорожденных в возрасте от 0 дней до 6 мес (n=1000). Метод исследования – тандемная масс-спектрометрия. Результат: Результаты неонатального селективного скрининга НБО в Республике Казахстан показали, что их предварительная частота составляет 16,0 на 1000 новорожденных, основная доля НБО приходится на дефекты β-окисления жирных кислот и лизосомные болезни накопления (25,0%), далее следуют органическая ацидурия и пероксисомальные заболевания (18,7%), нарушения цикла мочевины и аминоацидопатии - (6,3%). Заключение. Ранний скрининг и диагностика с помощью ТМС могут помочь снизить смертность и заболеваемость среди детей с НБО. Своевременное лечение улучшит здоровье новорожденных и снизит частоту врожденных дефектов, а также снизит экономическую нагрузку на пациентов, семьи и общество. Өзектілігі: Тұқым қуалайтын метаболикалық аурулар (ТМА) адамның тұқым қуалайтын патологиясында маңызды орын алады, барлық популяцияларда кездеседі және ауыр клиникалық көріністерге ие. ТМА дүние жүзінде балалар ауруының және өлімінің маңызды себептерінің бірі болып табылатыны белгілі, оның көрсеткіштері әр елде неонаталдық скринингті диагностикалау және енгізу мүмкіндіктеріне тікелей байланысты. Қазақстан Республикасында алғаш рет неонаталдық скрининг 49 НБО үшін тандемдік масс-спектрометрияны (TМС) пайдалана отырып, жаңа туған нәрестелерді неонатальды іріктеу скринингін қамтитындай кеңейтілді. Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты селективті және жаппай скринингте ТМА жиілігін бастапқы талдау,...

The study is devoted to the influence of disadvantages of the ecological disaster region Aral Sea on the state of the cardiovascular system in children. In 55.2% of cases, autonomic dysfunction was detected, mainly in girls of pre- and puberty age (80.8%). In 39.4% of children in the Aral Sea region hypotension was diagnosed as adaptive in 81.2% and pathological hypotension in 18.8% of cases with the initial vagotonic vegetative status according to cardiointervalography (94.6%). In children with arterial hypotension, there was a decline in the quality of life due to fatigue syndrome, cephalgia, reduced activity and deterioration of cognitive abilities. Cardiac pathology was manifested in 55.2% of cases in the form of impaired automatism of the sinus node (sinus arrhythmia, tachi and bradyarrhythmias) - 54.6%, conduction disorders (incomplete blockade of the right leg of the bundle of His) in 43.3% of cases. The identified pathology shows the need to provide comprehensive medical and social assistance to the children of the Aral Sea, along with solving environmental and economic problems of the region.

This review article aims to outline several risk factors for the Cerebral Palsy (CP) development worldwide. CP is the most prevalent disabling condition in children that imposes a significant socio-economical responsibility on the system of the health care. Despite a solid body of extant research, the exact etiology of CP remains unknown. There are several risk factors that may be triggering CP development at pre-, intra- and postnatal periods, particularly, gestational age, birth weight, mother's health, placental abnormalities, thrombophillia, asphyxia, brain ischemia and multiple pregnancies. According to extant literature, the majority of CP cases develop within antenatal period in high-income countries. Contrastingly, in developing countries, there is a slightly higher proportion of a postnatally acquired CP cases linked to post-infectious brain damage following meningitis, septicaemia, as well as other conditions, such as malaria. However, these studies were of a small size and not case-controlled or population-based, which significantly curtails the results and underestimating the real picture. With very small number of survivors of early preterm, common risk factors identified to be the maternal rhesus allergenic immunization and birth asphyxia, or hereditary diseases, such as dehydrogenase of glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD) deficiency and encephalopathy of subsequent bilirubin. According to standardized data from international surveillance programs, important risk factors are strongly associated with CP development in most countries.

Suicidal behavior among minors remains a public health concern in Kazakhstan. This study examined trends in registered suicide deaths and attempts among children aged 5–17 years during 2020–2025. National administrative data were analyzed retrospectively using negative binomial regression with population offsets, logistic regression, χ² tests, and odds ratios (ORs). No significant trends in population-based rates were observed for suicide deaths (IRR = 1.020; 95% CI: 0.980–1.061; p = 0.328) or attempts (IRR = 1.030; 95% CI: 0.985–1.078; p = 0.196). However, the proportion of minors among registered suicide deaths increased from 4.11% to 6.24% (annual OR = 1.090; p < 0.001), and among attempts from 6.26% to 13.43% (annual OR = 1.164; p < 0.001). Compared with 2020–2022, minors’ representation in 2023–2025 was higher for deaths (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.18–1.52) and attempts (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.38–1.64). Attempts increased significantly in Western and Southern macroregions and among boys, but decreased in the Northern macroregion. These findings indicate changes in the age composition of registered suicidal behavior rather than a uniform increase in population-based rates, supporting continued surveillance and targeted prevention strategies.