Wearable devices are ideal for personalized electronic applications in several domains such as healthcare, entertainment, sports and military. Although wearable technology is a growing market, current wearable devices are predominantly battery powered accessory devices, whose form factors also preclude them from utilizing the large area of the human body for spatiotemporal sensing or energy harvesting from body movements. E-textiles provide an opportunity to expand on current wearables to enable such applications via the larger surface area offered by garments, but consumer devices have been few and far between because of the inherent challenges in replicating traditional manufacturing technologies (that have enabled these wearable accessories) on textiles. Also, the powering of e-textile devices with battery energy like in wearable accessories, has proven incompatible with textile requirements for flexibility and washing. Although current e-textile research has shown advances in materials, new processing techniques, and one-off e-textile prototype devices, the pathway to industry scale commercialization is still uncertain. This paper reports the progress on the current technologies enabling the fabrication of e-textile devices and their power supplies including textile-based energy harvesters, energy storage mechanisms, and wireless power transfer solutions. It identifies factors that limit the adoption of current reported fabrication processes and devices in the industry for mass-market commercialization.

This paper describes the effect of oscillatory frequencies caused by ocean wave impact on the output performance of dielectric-metal contact separation mode triboelectric nanogenerators (DMCS-TENG). The triboelectric effect is generated as a result of regular, non-uniform contact between a dielectric layer which gains electrons (negative triboelectric material) and a conductive layer that loses electrons (positive triboelectric material). Impact testing was used to characterize arc-shaped dielectric-metal single electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (DMSE-TENG) with different triboelectric material combinations based in their output power generation, using a 40 mm ball bearing to apply a 12 N force impulse. It was found that the best dielectric-conductor combination for the DMCS-TENG performance was polyimide and PDMS in contact with the conductor layers of aluminium and silver conductive cloth tape. Therefore, in the range of operation from 30 Hz to 300 Hz with an amplitude acceleration of 319.62 to 559.29 mm/s2. The maximum generated output power, power density and total energy conversion efficiency of the device, made with polyimide and honeycomb patterned aluminium foil, can reach up to 778.43 μW, 12.16 μW/cm2 and 15.85 % respectively for a load resistance of 10 MΩ. The output power performance of the DMCS-TENG shows an enhancement by a factor of 2.3 with a honeycomb-patterned aluminium foil, by increasing the surface charge density between the layers in contact, relative to flat aluminium foil. Additionally, through the integration of the energy harvester prototype into a water wave generator tank. An output power density of 169.218 mW/m2 was reached, where it is expected to generate output power energy around 3.05 W, over an area of 18 m2 with wave sizes among 0.3 m to 4 m. This work demonstrates that the device can function as an energy harvesting mechanism for ocean wave sensing applications that require self-powering.

This paper describes the effect of ocean wave impact compressed air bubbles on the output performance of a dielectric-metal contact separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator (DMCS-TENG). The triboelectric effect is generated by regular, non-uniform contact between a negative polyimide dielectric layer of easy gaining electrons and positive Aluminum foil of easy losing electrons according the triboelectric series, where the electrical performance changes in proportion to the mechanical energy applied by oscillatory frequencies. At the range of operation of 30 Hz to 300 Hz, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, power and output power density of the device can reach to 3.83 V, 80.38 μW, 307.88 μW and 19.24 μW/cm ² , respectively for a load resistance of 10 MΩ. The proposed work demonstrates that the device can function as an energy harvesting mechanism for ocean wave monitoring applications that require self-powering.

Marine seismic surveys rely on the precise localization of seismic airguns to ensure high-quality data acquisition. The current state-of-the-art systems for airgun localization, such as Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL), Long Baseline (LBL), and GPS-aided and hybrid systems, provide reliable positioning but are often costly, operationally complex or limited to surface tracking. To address these limitations, this research presents a novel, cost-effective, and robust underwater localization system designed explicitly for real-time trajectory tracking of seismic airguns. The proposed system integrates a low-cost Inertial Motion Unit (IMU), an open-source, modular, and low-power acoustic modem, and a depth sensor, employing an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) using Robot Operating System (ROS) for the development of the sensor fusion and localization algorithm. The system achieves a position accuracy within 0.3–2 m, meeting the tolerances required for seismic surveys. Compared to USBL + INS and GPS-aided systems, the proposed system provides comparable precision while significantly reducing deployment complexity and operational costs. Unlike LBL systems, it does not rely on pre-installed seabed transponders, enhancing adaptability to different operational environments. Furthermore, its capacity to operate underwater without surface GPS dependency overcomes the limitations of existing systems in deep-sea or complex acoustic environments. The system is expected to enhance marine seismic data quality by enabling real-time positioning tracking, reduce marine seismic exploration times, and mitigate potential environmental impacts on marine ecosystems. This innovation bridges the gap between precision, affordability, and environmental sustainability in marine seismic exploration, making it a promising alternative for integrating trajectory position estimates of airguns into seismic survey workflows, helping to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of marine seismic surveys worldwide.