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Frank Vanclay is Professor and Head of the Department of Cultural Geography, and the Director of the Urban & Regional Studies Institute of the Faculty of Spatial Sciences at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Prof Vanclay writes in the areas of: social impact assessment; the management of social issues associated with large projects; social license to operate; business and human rights; social aspects of resource extraction; social aspects of project-induced displacement and resettlement; and avoiding the resource curse.
External tourism development organizations are frequently utilized by the various levels of the Chinese government to develop tourism and boost local economies. However, this often occurs with limited community participation. We explore the role of institutional arrangements in how people within host communities are empowered and disempowered in such situations by looking into the experiences of Fenghuang Ancient Town and two Miao villages in Hunan Province, China. In-depth interviews, participant and non-participant observation, and document analysis were undertaken. Certain community members were empowered by tourism development, especially financially. However, top-down decision-making, local elite systems, cultural habits and responses to these challenges enabled power inequality. This inequality occurred between government, tourism developer and communities, and within the communities. Only through devolution of power can social impacts from tourism development be improved but, even then, local power imbalances may influence the equity of tourism-related outcomes.
Bei Tian; Arie Stoffelen; Frank Vanclay. Ethnic tourism in China: tourism-related (dis)empowerment of Miao villages in Hunan province. Tourism Geographies 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleBei Tian, Arie Stoffelen, Frank Vanclay. Ethnic tourism in China: tourism-related (dis)empowerment of Miao villages in Hunan province. Tourism Geographies. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBei Tian; Arie Stoffelen; Frank Vanclay. 2021. "Ethnic tourism in China: tourism-related (dis)empowerment of Miao villages in Hunan province." Tourism Geographies , no. : 1-20.
Although companies have many direct and indirect impacts on the lives of children, discussion of the responsibility of business to respect the rights of children has primarily focused on child labor. Using UNICEF’s Children’s Rights and Business Principles as a framework for our analysis, we considered the activities of oil palm plantation companies operating in Indonesia. Our data come from key informant interviews and reflection on two programs established to promote respect for children’s rights in the Indonesian palm oil industry: one by Pusat Kajian Perlindungan Anak (PKPA) (Center for Child Study and Protection); and one by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in conjunction with UNICEF. We considered: how plantation company activities impacted children’s lives; how companies demonstrated respect for children’s rights; and how observance of children’s rights can be improved. We discuss four problematic issues: getting company commitments to children’s rights into policy and practice; having a strong business case for respecting human rights and children’s rights; contradictory objectives within companies; and complexities around children in the workplace. We argue that a children’s rights based approach should be applied to the activities of all organizations. This children’s rights lens is needed to overcome the invisibility of children in society and industry, and to address the root causes of human rights harms. We note that respecting children’s rights will likely contribute to getting a social license to operate and grow.
Stephany Pasaribu; Frank Vanclay. Children’s Rights in the Indonesian Oil Palm Industry: Improving Company Respect for the Rights of the Child. Land 2021, 10, 500 .
AMA StyleStephany Pasaribu, Frank Vanclay. Children’s Rights in the Indonesian Oil Palm Industry: Improving Company Respect for the Rights of the Child. Land. 2021; 10 (5):500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephany Pasaribu; Frank Vanclay. 2021. "Children’s Rights in the Indonesian Oil Palm Industry: Improving Company Respect for the Rights of the Child." Land 10, no. 5: 500.
Increasingly common methods for financing public infrastructure in developing economies are Resources-for-Infrastructure (R4I) and Resource-Financed Infrastructure (RFI), usually involving Chinese financial institutions and Chinese construction companies. Although there are advantages to the borrowing country from these project financing arrangements, there are also various issues and governance challenges. In Uganda, expectations around future revenue from oil extraction have led to many infrastructure projects being commissioned, mostly funded by RFI arrangements. To consider the appropriateness of these arrangements and to reflect on whether they are likely to contribute to positive development outcomes or be examples of the resource curse, we examined four public infrastructure projects: Kampala–Entebbe Expressway; Karuma Hydroelectric Dam; Isimba Hydroelectric Dam; and the Malaba to Kampala section of the East Africa Standard Gauge Railway. Although R4I/RFI arrangements are viewed positively by some commentators, others (especially local companies) consider they lack transparency, create unsustainable debt, promote China’s interests over the borrowing country, increase unemployment, unfairly compete with local business, deal in corruption, have poor working conditions, and result in substandard construction. Nevertheless, we conclude that Uganda and other developing countries have generally benefited from Chinese-funded infrastructure, and there is more myth trap than debt trap. However, to ensure positive development outcomes, governments and construction companies should ensure compliance with international standards, especially relating to: environmental and social impact assessment; human rights; benefit-sharing arrangements; livelihood restoration; and project-induced displacement and resettlement.
Tom Ogwang; Frank Vanclay. Resource-Financed Infrastructure: Thoughts on Four Chinese-Financed Projects in Uganda. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3259 .
AMA StyleTom Ogwang, Frank Vanclay. Resource-Financed Infrastructure: Thoughts on Four Chinese-Financed Projects in Uganda. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Ogwang; Frank Vanclay. 2021. "Resource-Financed Infrastructure: Thoughts on Four Chinese-Financed Projects in Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3259.
From 1943 to 1996, the small rural community of Schoonebeek in the eastern Netherlands hosted the largest onshore oilfield in western Europe. Some 250 million barrels of oil were produced, bringing prosperity to the municipality and local community. With generous compensation paid by NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij, a partnership between Shell and ExxonMobil), local people greatly benefited from oil extraction. However, there were also negative social impacts, including: an influx of outsiders; changes to social structure, social fabric, social cohesion, and community identity; disruption to the peaceful rural setting; and industrialisation of the landscape. Nevertheless, the oil pumping installations (‘jaknikkers’ or nodding donkeys) ultimately became positive symbols of local place identity. Despite the negative social impacts, oil production came to be viewed positively by most local people, and a high level of trust developed between the host community and NAM because of the social performance strategies that were implemented: NAM employed many local people; minimised physical displacement; provided generous compensation for economic displacement; respected the social, cultural and religious wishes of the host community; and quickly addressed any social or environmental issues that developed. These actions meant that NAM gained a strong social licence to operate and grow.
Ramon Veenker; Frank Vanclay. What did NAM do to get a social licence to operate? The social impact history of the Schoonebeek oilfield in the Netherlands. The Extractive Industries and Society 2021, 8, 100888 .
AMA StyleRamon Veenker, Frank Vanclay. What did NAM do to get a social licence to operate? The social impact history of the Schoonebeek oilfield in the Netherlands. The Extractive Industries and Society. 2021; 8 (2):100888.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamon Veenker; Frank Vanclay. 2021. "What did NAM do to get a social licence to operate? The social impact history of the Schoonebeek oilfield in the Netherlands." The Extractive Industries and Society 8, no. 2: 100888.
We examined the Uganda section of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), especially the social and livelihood impacts from land acquisition. EACOP, which will cost over USD $3.5 billion in total, is intended to transport crude oil from Hoima in the Albertine Graben region of Uganda to Tanga in Tanzania, a distance of 1443 kms. A multi-methods approach was used, including 86 in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and document analysis. Although by late 2020 pipeline construction had not commenced, route planning and land acquisition for the pipeline had already created many environmental and social impacts, including: physical displacement; resettlement; economic displacement; disputed valuations; delayed compensation; livelihood disruption; food insecurity; and uncertainty, fear and anxiety. The likely benefits of the project include: employment opportunities (although these will mostly be short term); improved infrastructure and accessibility; and oil revenue to the nation. A major issue has been delays to the project, which have exacerbated anxiety and livelihood impacts. Confusion has occurred around the meaning and implementation of the ‘cut-off date’. To gain a social licence to operate, we recommend that all stakeholders give greater consideration to addressing the negative environmental and social impacts, and to augmenting project benefits. We also recommend that the international standards and procedures used in project land acquisition pay more attention to how the cut-off date is explained to and understood by local communities, and how it is operationalised, especially in relation to subsistence farming activities.
Tom Ogwang; Frank Vanclay. Cut-off and forgotten?: Livelihood disruption, social impacts and food insecurity arising from the East African Crude Oil Pipeline. Energy Research & Social Science 2021, 74, 101970 .
AMA StyleTom Ogwang, Frank Vanclay. Cut-off and forgotten?: Livelihood disruption, social impacts and food insecurity arising from the East African Crude Oil Pipeline. Energy Research & Social Science. 2021; 74 ():101970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Ogwang; Frank Vanclay. 2021. "Cut-off and forgotten?: Livelihood disruption, social impacts and food insecurity arising from the East African Crude Oil Pipeline." Energy Research & Social Science 74, no. : 101970.
Land use and transport integration (LUTI) has been promoted around the world as essential for sustainable urbanization. Using Seoul as a case study, this paper critically examines if and how LUTI policy can bring positive social outcomes, including accessibility and quality of life, in rapidly-growing megacities. We explored stakeholder views about the experience of these outcomes in different localities, and about critical elements and processes needed to enhance social outcomes. Our research identified that facilitating compact urban form around transport nodes does not guarantee increased accessibility or livelihood opportunities. The outcomes are closely related to the quality of development around nodes, accessibility to public facilities, local mobility, and functionality of pedestrian paths. Ensuring sustainability of social outcomes from LUTI approach requires: balancing restrictions and incentives to control quality of development around nodes; creating cost-effective strategies to maintain local environmental quality; applying flexible rules to address varying priorities and opportunities in different localities; and multi-level planning that balances the responsibilities of metropolitan and local stakeholders to facilitate desired outcomes. We conclude that, in rapidly-growing cities, a flexible and holistic approach to integration should be applied to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and to ensure fair benefits across the city.
Juhyun Lee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay. Stakeholder views about Land Use and Transport Integration in a rapidly-growing megacity: Social outcomes and integrated planning issues in Seoul. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 67, 102759 .
AMA StyleJuhyun Lee, Jos Arts, Frank Vanclay. Stakeholder views about Land Use and Transport Integration in a rapidly-growing megacity: Social outcomes and integrated planning issues in Seoul. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 67 ():102759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuhyun Lee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay. 2021. "Stakeholder views about Land Use and Transport Integration in a rapidly-growing megacity: Social outcomes and integrated planning issues in Seoul." Sustainable Cities and Society 67, no. : 102759.
This paper investigates how social outcomes from urban transport projects typically play out by reflecting on multi-scale spatial changes induced by projects over time, and the extent to which such changes meet varied interests in project outcomes. We use a multi-methods case study approach using two exemplars, a metro project in London and Seoul, which established extensive public transport networks to support urban growth. Our study highlighted that urban transport network expansion does not always enhance life opportunities for all due to intermediate and cumulative impacts of spatial changes induced by projects. Immediate benefits such as enhanced accessibility were often undermined by long-term consequences of incremental spatial changes at local scales. This study also indicated that differential patterns of spatial changes around nodes between centre and periphery could be attributed to multiple negative impacts on people living in the most deprived areas. To enhance social outcomes, we suggest an integrated approach to urban transport and spatial development that focuses on scale and temporal dimensions of spatial transformation enacted by projects. In conclusion, achieving sustainable and equitable effects from urban transport infrastructure requires careful examination of broader societal consequences of long-term spatial changes and locational contexts, especially function and socio-economic conditions.
Juhyun Lee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; John Ward. Examining the Social Outcomes from Urban Transport Infrastructure: Long-Term Consequences of Spatial Changes and Varied Interests at Multiple Levels. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5907 .
AMA StyleJuhyun Lee, Jos Arts, Frank Vanclay, John Ward. Examining the Social Outcomes from Urban Transport Infrastructure: Long-Term Consequences of Spatial Changes and Varied Interests at Multiple Levels. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuhyun Lee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; John Ward. 2020. "Examining the Social Outcomes from Urban Transport Infrastructure: Long-Term Consequences of Spatial Changes and Varied Interests at Multiple Levels." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5907.
Being resettled is a complex and traumatic process. International experience reveals that people are made worse off by project induced displacement and resettlement. In China, a country with much dam induced resettlement, since 2006 there has been considerable government attention to ensure that post-resettlement outcomes are improved and that people are made better off as a result of being resettled. We describe the context of dam-induced resettlement in China, and analyse the post-resettlement support mechanisms used. We identify the key success factors that have led to effective outcomes. They included: a trigger that prompted the government to take action; a change in development philosophy to a more people-oriented approach and acceptance that resettled people and host communities had to be made better off; a market-oriented approach in the way post-resettlement support was delivered and in terms of cross-subsidizing resettlement from hydroelectricity production; long term support to resettled people and host communities; and considerable public participation so that the post-resettlement support schemes were of value to the resettled people and host communities.
Xiaonan Chen; Frank Vanclay; Jin Yu. Evaluating Chinese policy on post-resettlement support for dam-induced displacement and resettlement. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2020, 1 -9.
AMA StyleXiaonan Chen, Frank Vanclay, Jin Yu. Evaluating Chinese policy on post-resettlement support for dam-induced displacement and resettlement. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2020; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaonan Chen; Frank Vanclay; Jin Yu. 2020. "Evaluating Chinese policy on post-resettlement support for dam-induced displacement and resettlement." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal , no. : 1-9.
Good practice social impact assessment (SIA) should lead to improved local community development outcomes. However, the social benefits alleged to flow from projects are often not as evident to affected communities as the project’s adverse impacts. Projects still give inadequate attention to social issues and fail to achieve social development outcomes. Using a prominent gas project in Russia, the Nord Stream 2 project, as an illustrative example, we explore the potential of environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) to enhance the effectiveness of project contributions to local community development. We analyse the main steps of the community development process for the Nord Stream 2 project, and consider how it benefitted from the SIA process. We also reflect on the potential further contribution of SIA to community development. Even though SIA and community development are interrelated, we conclude that SIA, as currently practiced, is constrained in its ability to contribute to community development outcomes. Adjustments to the SIA and corporate social investment frameworks are needed to make them more effective in achieving social development outcomes.
Ilya Gulakov; Frank Vanclay; Jos Arts. Modifying social impact assessment to enhance the effectiveness of company social investment strategies in contributing to local community development. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2020, 38, 382 -396.
AMA StyleIlya Gulakov, Frank Vanclay, Jos Arts. Modifying social impact assessment to enhance the effectiveness of company social investment strategies in contributing to local community development. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2020; 38 (5):382-396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIlya Gulakov; Frank Vanclay; Jos Arts. 2020. "Modifying social impact assessment to enhance the effectiveness of company social investment strategies in contributing to local community development." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 38, no. 5: 382-396.
Social Licence to Operate is a framework for thinking about the relationship between an organisation or project and its host communities and other stakeholders. Key aspects are the extent of acceptability, legitimacy and trust local people accord to the project. A social licence is not necessarily enduring, rather it is dynamic, varying over time. Little research has been conducted into the dynamics of social licence and how it responds to changes in local context. By examining a new university campus, we highlight how all organisations need to consider the dynamic nature of their relationships with host communities. We assessed Wenzhou-Kean University, a partnership between Wenzhou City Government (Zhejiang Province, China), Kean University (a public university in New Jersey USA), and Wenzhou University. Three villages were resettled for the campus, experiencing many social impacts. Although residents initially allocated a high social licence to the project, this varied over time. To maintain and improve an organisation’s social licence to operate and grow, having a good understanding of the local context and periodic assessment of social licence are needed.
Chen Chen; Frank Vanclay; Terry Van Dijk. How a new university campus affected people in three villages: the dynamic nature of social licence to operate. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2020, 39, 2 -10.
AMA StyleChen Chen, Frank Vanclay, Terry Van Dijk. How a new university campus affected people in three villages: the dynamic nature of social licence to operate. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2020; 39 (1):2-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen Chen; Frank Vanclay; Terry Van Dijk. 2020. "How a new university campus affected people in three villages: the dynamic nature of social licence to operate." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 39, no. 1: 2-10.
Land acquisition often involves power and displacement and can be carried out on a large scale. There are many forms of land acquisition, including for environmental and conservation purposes as well as for production activities. While green grabbing has joined land grabbing as an environmental justice issue of concern, it is not necessarily the case that all green land acquisition is large scale, done by powerful outsiders, or leads to displacement and exclusion. The outcomes of green land acquisition are dependent on the mechanisms used, the adequacy of resettlement and/or compensation, and the social and environmental context in which it happens. We discuss the outcomes of community-led land acquisition for conservation purposes in Costa Rica. We considered a special case of green land acquisition done by local civil society to defend the forest and water resources of the Juan Castro Blanco National Water Park in Costa Rica. We used the literature on green grabbing, social ecological systems, and social innovation to discuss local environmental governance and regional sustainable development. This paper makes a fresh contribution to environmental planning and environmental governance by bringing in aspects of green land acquisition that have not been previously explored.
Karina Castro-Arce; Frank Vanclay. Community-Led Green Land Acquisition: Social Innovative Initiatives for Forest Protection and Regional Development. Land 2020, 9, 109 .
AMA StyleKarina Castro-Arce, Frank Vanclay. Community-Led Green Land Acquisition: Social Innovative Initiatives for Forest Protection and Regional Development. Land. 2020; 9 (4):109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Castro-Arce; Frank Vanclay. 2020. "Community-Led Green Land Acquisition: Social Innovative Initiatives for Forest Protection and Regional Development." Land 9, no. 4: 109.
Amsterdam’s North-South Metro Line (NZL) megaproject has had a long eventful history. From the initial proposal in the 1990s, through construction in the 2000s to 2010s, to its opening in 2018, the NZL overcame many challenges. Several geotechnical incidents in the Vijzelgracht neighbourhood in 2008 cost the City of Amsterdam and the Dutch government millions of Euros. These incidents required complex recovery management actions, and there was a complete re-evaluation of the project, resulting in extensive reformulation of the project’s communications and impact management strategies, and in more-transparent public participation. Despite NZL’s significance, it never underwent any formal Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), thus it provides an interesting case to consider how social impacts are addressed when there is no formal ESIA. Drawing on document review, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group, we considered the experiences of key decision-makers and project team members to learn how social impacts were assessed and managed over time in the absence of ESIA. We conclude that, when combined with appropriate urban governance frameworks, applying ESIA in urban and transport planning would improve the assessment and management of the social impacts of future megaproject infrastructure developments.
Lara K. Mottee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; Fiona Miller; Richard Howitt. Metro infrastructure planning in Amsterdam: how are social issues managed in the absence of environmental and social impact assessment? Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2020, 38, 320 -335.
AMA StyleLara K. Mottee, Jos Arts, Frank Vanclay, Fiona Miller, Richard Howitt. Metro infrastructure planning in Amsterdam: how are social issues managed in the absence of environmental and social impact assessment? Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2020; 38 (4):320-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara K. Mottee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; Fiona Miller; Richard Howitt. 2020. "Metro infrastructure planning in Amsterdam: how are social issues managed in the absence of environmental and social impact assessment?" Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 38, no. 4: 320-335.
The expertise of impact assessment practitioners and the legitimacy of their reports are increasingly being questioned. We analyze the subjectivity of impact assessment by exploring how the framing undertaken within Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) influences decision making about spatial development projects. Framing is the process by which actors order and make sense of social reality. We argue that framing influences the content, conclusions, effectiveness and legitimacy of impact assessment reports. We examined a major urban redevelopment, the Liverpool Waters project, for which three HIAs were commissioned to assess its impact on the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage site. These HIAs had varying outcomes with differences in baseline information, variables considered, methods used, and assessment of impacts. In our in-depth interviews with practitioners and decision makers involved with these HIAs, discussion of legitimacy centered around assumed differences between local and non-local knowledge. We argue that awareness of the role of framing is needed in the impact assessment field, and that transparency and participation by local stakeholders are crucial to prevent framing from having an undue influence.
Patrick R. Patiwael; Peter Groote; Frank Vanclay. The influence of framing on the legitimacy of impact assessment: examining the heritage impact assessments conducted for the Liverpool Waters project. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2020, 38, 308 -319.
AMA StylePatrick R. Patiwael, Peter Groote, Frank Vanclay. The influence of framing on the legitimacy of impact assessment: examining the heritage impact assessments conducted for the Liverpool Waters project. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2020; 38 (4):308-319.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrick R. Patiwael; Peter Groote; Frank Vanclay. 2020. "The influence of framing on the legitimacy of impact assessment: examining the heritage impact assessments conducted for the Liverpool Waters project." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 38, no. 4: 308-319.
Through the lenses of community development and social licence to operate, we consider the complex relationships between local communities and forest plantation and oil palm companies. We examine the practical challenges in implementing socially-sustainable community development (SSCD) by analyzing two corporate social investment community development projects located in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: Desa Makmur Peduli Api (integrated fire management) and Pertanian Ekologi Terpadu (ecological farming). Our study scrutinized: (i) What were the practice challenges faced by the companies in establishing SSCD?; Along with (ii) what should be done to improve how SSCD is undertaken, especially in Indonesia? We identified five challenges: (1) unresolved land conflict; (2) determining the right program; (3) building community capacity rather than providing irrelevant training; (4) a shortage of company field staff and government facilitators; and (5) managing community expectations. Better governance of SSCD will reduce conflict between affected communities and companies.
Stephany I Pasaribu; Frank Vanclay; Yongjun Zhao. Challenges to Implementing Socially-Sustainable Community Development in Oil Palm and Forestry Operations in Indonesia. Land 2020, 9, 61 .
AMA StyleStephany I Pasaribu, Frank Vanclay, Yongjun Zhao. Challenges to Implementing Socially-Sustainable Community Development in Oil Palm and Forestry Operations in Indonesia. Land. 2020; 9 (3):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephany I Pasaribu; Frank Vanclay; Yongjun Zhao. 2020. "Challenges to Implementing Socially-Sustainable Community Development in Oil Palm and Forestry Operations in Indonesia." Land 9, no. 3: 61.
Urban rail transport megaprojects are promoted as generating positive social change at a metropolitan scale, yet they produce complex unplanned negative impacts at local scales. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and its follow-up help decision-makers assess and manage the social and environmental impacts of major projects. Using Western Sydney’s politically-successful South West Rail Link as an example, we identified the practice challenges and governance barriers to applying ESIA and EIA follow-up across spatial scales. These challenges and barriers influence the planning and management of the impacts of integrated urban development and transport infrastructure development.
Lara K. Mottee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; Fiona Miller; Richard Howitt. Reflecting on How Social Impacts are Considered in Transport Infrastructure Project Planning: Looking beyond the Claimed Success of Sydney’s South West Rail Link. Urban Policy and Research 2020, 38, 185 -198.
AMA StyleLara K. Mottee, Jos Arts, Frank Vanclay, Fiona Miller, Richard Howitt. Reflecting on How Social Impacts are Considered in Transport Infrastructure Project Planning: Looking beyond the Claimed Success of Sydney’s South West Rail Link. Urban Policy and Research. 2020; 38 (3):185-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara K. Mottee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; Fiona Miller; Richard Howitt. 2020. "Reflecting on How Social Impacts are Considered in Transport Infrastructure Project Planning: Looking beyond the Claimed Success of Sydney’s South West Rail Link." Urban Policy and Research 38, no. 3: 185-198.
To make regions more resilient, a useful idea is that of synergy between tourism and landscape (i.e., a win-win situation). To help policymakers manage for synergy, we provide practical recommendations. Using the case of Terschelling (the Netherlands), an island that is part of the UNESCO World Heritage listed Wadden Sea, we analyzed how policy and public opinion have been changing, and how multilevel governance is arranged. We recommend that: policymakers seek to understand the historical institutional context of a region; strive for integrated policy aimed at synergetic interactions; gain an overview of all stakeholders in the decision-making process; include all stakeholders; develop a shared story; co-create a clear vision for the future; but also allow flexibility in local implementation; and dare to experiment. Overall, we conclude that synergy is a promising concept that requires a different approach to decision-making.
Jasper Heslinga; Peter Groote; Frank Vanclay. Towards Resilient Regions: Policy Recommendations for Stimulating Synergy between Tourism and Landscape. Land 2020, 9, 44 .
AMA StyleJasper Heslinga, Peter Groote, Frank Vanclay. Towards Resilient Regions: Policy Recommendations for Stimulating Synergy between Tourism and Landscape. Land. 2020; 9 (2):44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJasper Heslinga; Peter Groote; Frank Vanclay. 2020. "Towards Resilient Regions: Policy Recommendations for Stimulating Synergy between Tourism and Landscape." Land 9, no. 2: 44.
The interactions between bottom-up initiatives and top-down structures in the implementation of regional development policies and projects are complex in theoretical and practical terms. Using concepts such as transformative social innovation, adaptive governance, and bridging institutions, we developed an analytical framework to enhance understanding of the processes by which local top-down and bottom-up forces enhance sustainable rural development by co-developing bottom-linked governance. Bottom-linked governance is a multi-level middle ground where actors from various political levels, geographical scales and industry sectors come together to share decision-making. Social innovation has the potential to be transformative, but to do this, it has to be able to scale-up and provoke changes in the governance system. Using a rural social innovation initiative in Costa Rica, we tested our framework and considered the enabling factors of bottom-linked governance. They comprise the various bridging roles the initiative must play: network enabler; knowledge broker; resource broker; transparency and conflict resolution agent; and shared vision champion. We also considered the critical success factors of bottom-linked governance. Bottom-linked governance and social innovation together comprise how planning practice contributes to social-ecological regional development. Sharing of power and participatory decision-making facilitate more flexible, inclusive and effective planning. Our analytical framework was helpful in understanding how a social innovation initiative fostered transformation and contributed to sustainable rural development.
Karina Castro-Arce; Frank Vanclay. Transformative social innovation for sustainable rural development: An analytical framework to assist community-based initiatives. Journal of Rural Studies 2020, 74, 45 -54.
AMA StyleKarina Castro-Arce, Frank Vanclay. Transformative social innovation for sustainable rural development: An analytical framework to assist community-based initiatives. Journal of Rural Studies. 2020; 74 ():45-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Castro-Arce; Frank Vanclay. 2020. "Transformative social innovation for sustainable rural development: An analytical framework to assist community-based initiatives." Journal of Rural Studies 74, no. : 45-54.
Normative guidelines for addressing project-induced displacement and resettlement have been successful in coercing companies and practitioners to comply with international standards and local requirements. However, good practice has not always been effectively implemented, leading to reduced social wellbeing of people in local communities. We assess how the reciprocal relationships between institutional norms and practitioners’ situated perspectives about company-community interactions can improve social management practice. Drawing on Hajer and Versteeg’s method of environmental discourse analysis, discussions and storylines about a mining project in Mpumalanga in South Africa were assessed against contextualised discursive conventions in the mining industry. It was found that practitioners learn to manipulate legislative requirements, which ultimately perpetuates the impoverishment of project affected communities. The question is not whether or not practitioners understand the requirements of environmental and social management, but the extent to which such understandings are manipulated for corporate gain as opposed to social good. We consider practitioner rationalities about the purpose and function of environmental and social management, and how it is implemented. We suggest that practitioners and companies should construct positive aspirational identity perspectives about social management that would transcend from their current limited view (that achieving minimum compliance is sufficient) to aspiring to achieve better social development outcomes for all, especially the most disadvantaged. This requires a genuine commitment to obtaining and maintaining a social licence to operate, perspective transformation, a commitment to inclusiveness, and increased capacity for critical reflection.
Abosede Ijabadeniyi; Frank Vanclay. Socially-Tolerated Practices in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Reporting: Discourses, Displacement, and Impoverishment. Land 2020, 9, 33 .
AMA StyleAbosede Ijabadeniyi, Frank Vanclay. Socially-Tolerated Practices in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Reporting: Discourses, Displacement, and Impoverishment. Land. 2020; 9 (2):33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbosede Ijabadeniyi; Frank Vanclay. 2020. "Socially-Tolerated Practices in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Reporting: Discourses, Displacement, and Impoverishment." Land 9, no. 2: 33.
Lara K. Mottee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; Richard Howitt; Fiona Miller. Limitations of Technical Approaches to Transport Planning Practice in Two Cases: Social Issues as a Critical Component of Urban Projects. Planning Theory & Practice 2019, 21, 39 -57.
AMA StyleLara K. Mottee, Jos Arts, Frank Vanclay, Richard Howitt, Fiona Miller. Limitations of Technical Approaches to Transport Planning Practice in Two Cases: Social Issues as a Critical Component of Urban Projects. Planning Theory & Practice. 2019; 21 (1):39-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLara K. Mottee; Jos Arts; Frank Vanclay; Richard Howitt; Fiona Miller. 2019. "Limitations of Technical Approaches to Transport Planning Practice in Two Cases: Social Issues as a Critical Component of Urban Projects." Planning Theory & Practice 21, no. 1: 39-57.
Social impact assessment (SIA) is a field of research and practice that addresses everything associated with managing social issues throughout the project lifecycle (pre-conception to post-closure). SIA has transformed from a regulatory tool to being the process of managing a project’s social issues used by developers, financiers, affected communities and environmental licencing agencies. SIA considers: benefit sharing, boom-and-bust cycles, community development, community engagement, community resilience, cultural heritage, due diligence, empowerment, gender issues, grievance redress mechanisms, human rights, Impacts and Benefits Agreements, Indigenous peoples, in-migration (influx, honeypot), livelihood restoration, local content, local procurement, project induced displacement and resettlement, psycho-social impacts, social closure, social function, Social Impact Management Plans, social inclusion, social investment, social licence to operate, social performance, stakeholder engagement, vulnerable groups, and traditional issues such as identifying social impacts and designing mitigation. SIA has learnt much over 50 years, however complex issues remain including involuntary resettlement, restoring livelihoods, place attachment, sense of place, maintaining intangible cultural heritage, and finding replacement land. Corruption, rent seeking, elite capture, speculation and opportunist behaviour are also problematic.
Frank Vanclay. Reflections on Social Impact Assessment in the 21st century. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 2019, 38, 126 -131.
AMA StyleFrank Vanclay. Reflections on Social Impact Assessment in the 21st century. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 2019; 38 (2):126-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrank Vanclay. 2019. "Reflections on Social Impact Assessment in the 21st century." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 38, no. 2: 126-131.