A MIL-53(Fe) analogue was successfully synthesized by a HF free-solvothermal method. The sample was characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption (BET), TEM, FTIR, XPS and AAS. From the N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, it can be seen that the structure of MIL-53(Fe) in the anhydrous form exhibits closed pores with almost no accessible porosity to nitrogen gas. The XPS results reveal that Fe is really incorporated into the MIL-53(Fe) framework. In the hydrated form, the pores of MIL-53(Fe) are filled with water molecules. Thus, MIL-53(Fe) exhibited a very high adsorption capacity of As(V) in aqueous solution (Q_max of 21.27 mg g⁻¹). Adsorption kinetics data revealed that As(V) adsorption isotherms fit the Langmuir model and obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.

Eighteen active substances, including 17 organosulfur compounds found in garlic essential oil (T), were identified by GC–MS analysis. For the first time, using the molecular docking technique, we report the inhibitory effect of the considered compounds on the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein in the human body that leads to a crucial foundation about coronavirus resistance of individual compounds on the main protease (PDB6LU7) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The results show that the 17 organosulfur compounds, accounting for 99.4% contents of the garlic essential oil, have strong interactions with the amino acids of the ACE2 protein and the main protease PDB6LU7 of SARS-CoV-2. The strongest anticoronavirus activity is expressed in allyl disulfide and allyl trisulfide, which account for the highest content in the garlic essential oil (51.3%). Interestingly, docking results indicate the synergistic interactions of the 17 substances, which exhibit good inhibition of the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins. The results suggest that the garlic essential oil is a valuable natural antivirus source, which contributes to preventing the invasion of coronavirus into the human body.

Partial isomorphous substitution of Cr by Fe in the MIL-101 framework was achieved by direct synthesis using a hydrothermal method (conventionally, solvothermal method). The products were characterized by XRD, EDX, N₂ adsorption (BET), TEM, UV-vis, FTIR, XPS and testing the photo-Fenton activities in the degradation of the commercial reactive dye RR195. From FTIR and XPS results, it was revealed that Fe is really incorporated into the MIL-101 framework. From EDX results, an amount of ca. 25% of Cr atoms in the MIL-101 framework is substituted by Fe atoms. Fe substituted Cr-MIL-101 showed high adsorption capacity of reactive dye. Moreover, this material exhibited high photo-Fenton activity in reactive dye degradation, opening new applications of MOFs as novel heterogenous photo-Fenton catalysts.