Excessive urban construction is primarily driven by uncontrolled population growth, which has serious consequences for the environment, energy, cost, and human life in general when building materials are massively used. In terms of energy and economic efficiency, buildings that make use of sustainable construction materials and technologies perform better. This is because building in an eco-friendly way results in less waste. Agro-industrial by-products and insulating materials are two examples of sustainable materials that have been put to good use in the climate change mitigation effort and to preserve the environment. Precast components are emphasized as a viable option that is suitable for this purpose and may potentially fulfill the need for housing units. Thus, this study investigated the viability of employing agricultural waste consisting of pomegranate peel waste to produce fired clay bricks. Results demonstrated that the optimum amount of pomegranate peel waste was determined to be 15%, and the optimal firing temperature was determined to be 900 °C. The thermal conductivity of all test samples was lower than that of conventional brick. Furthermore, when compared to conventional wall brick, all the tested samples of manufactured brick reduced energy consumption by 17.55% to 33.13% and carbon dioxide emissions by 7.50% to 24.50%. In addition, the economic feasibility of employing each synthetic sample was evaluated by computing the simple payback time (SPP). It was determined that 1.88–10.74 years were required for the brick samples to provide a return on their initial investment. Due to its ability to decrease heat gain, preserve energy, minimize CO₂ emissions, and shorten the payback time, burned clay bricks manufactured from pomegranate peel waste are regarded as a feasible building material. Hence, manufactured bricks are usually considered an exceptional contribution to environmental sustainability.

Nowadays, the change of climate has been a crucial problem for architects to address since buildings consume more than half of the energy that results in carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to climate change. Vertical gardens have been proven in studies to be capable of significantly offsetting carbon dioxide emissions from building. in addition to passively cooling and insulating the structure As a result, the energy required for building operation is lowered in what appears to be a butterfly effect. The bulk of non-residential buildings in Egypt have been built without regard for energy efficiency regulations in recent years. As a result, mismatched designs are frequently responsible for environmental problems. Energy usage is influenced by building design (form, orientation, and building materials), as well as operational and space utilization factors. Because non-residential buildings are among the most carbon-intensive structures, greening current structures to achieve zero-carbon status is far more efficient than greening new ones. This study investigates if adding vertical gardens in Cairo buildings might serve as a passive cooling load reduction approach. This is accomplished by calculating the building energy required for cooling load, carbon dioxide emissions from cooling load, cooling load reduction made by vertical gardens, and CO2 sequestered by vertical gardens, with the goal of providing a guide that quantifies the vertical gardens system’s efficiency to minimize energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions. Through simulation, it was found that living walls with mentha and spicata could reduce as much as 6200 watts and offset 5204kg of carbon dioxide emission.

تؤثر شبکة الصرف الصحی بشدة على الترکیب العمرانی للمدینة والقریة نظرا لمتطلباتها الفنیة فی الترکیب والتشغیل ، هذا الأثر یشکل استعمالها للأراضی لإنشاء محطات المعالجة ، واستعمالها لشبکة الشوارع والترع لتمریر خطوطها مما یفرض شروطا ومتطلبات على تصمیم هذه الشوارع وتقاطعاتها ، کلما قل توافر هذه المتطلبات قلت کفاءة الشبکة وزادت تکلفتها ، تعتبر المشکلة مضاعفة فی الریف المصری نظرا لندرة أراضی البناء وغلائها مما یصعب معه توفیر مساحات لمحطات المعالجة التی تستهلک عشرات الأفدنة ، بالإضافة لمشکلة البناء الأفقی وانخفاض الکثافة البنائیة فی الریف مما یزید من تکلفة تمدید الخدمة، لکل ذلک یجب النظر بعین الأهمیة لتطبیق وسائل الصرف اللامرکزی فی الریف المصری لتوفیر النفقات وتقلیل استعمال الأراضی وتوفیر الخدمة الغائبة عن نسبة کبیرة من الأسر الریفیة فی مصر .