Despite significant progress in tissue engineering, the full regeneration of chronic wounds persists as a major challenge, with the immune response to tissue damage being a key determinant of the healing process's quality and duration. Post‐injury, a crucial aspect is the transition of macrophages from a pro‐inflammatory state to an anti‐inflammatory. Thus, this alteration in macrophage polarization presents an enticing avenue within the realm of regenerative medicine. Recent advancements have entailed the integration of a myriad of cellular and molecular signals into hydrogel‐based constructs, enabling the fine‐tuning of immune cell activities during different phases. This discussion explores modern insights into immune cell roles in skin regeneration, underscoring the key role of immune modulation in amplifying the overall efficacy of wounds. Moreover, a comprehensive review is presented on the latest sophisticated technologies employed in the design of immunomodulatory hydrogels to regulate macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the deliberate design of hydrogels to deliver targeted immune stimulation through manipulation of chemistry and cell integration is also emphasized. Moreover, an overview is provided regarding the influence of hydrogel properties on immune traits and tissue regeneration process. Conclusively, the accent is on forthcoming pathways directed toward modulating immune responses in the milieu of chronic healing.

Plant genetic engineering is crucial for enhancing crop yield, quality, and resilience to both abiotic and biotic stresses, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture. Agrobacterium-mediated, biolistic bombardment, electroporation, and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-mediated genetic transformation systems are widely applied in plant genetic engineering. However, these systems have limitations, including species dependency, destruction of plant tissues, low transformation efficiency, and high cost. Recently, gene-delivery methods based on nanotechnology have been developed for plant genetic transformation. This nanostrategy demonstrates remarkable transformation efficiency, excellent biocompatibility, effective protection of exogenous nucleic acids, and the potential for plant regeneration. However, the application of nanomaterial-mediated gene-delivery systems in plants is still in its early stages and faces numerous challenges for widespread adoption. Herein, the conventional genetic transformation techniques utilized in plants are succinctly examined. Subsequently, the advancements in nanomaterial-based gene-delivery systems are reviewed. The applications of CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing and its integration with plant nanotechnology are also examined. The innovations, methods, and practical applications of nanomaterial-mediated genetic transformation summarized herein are expected to facilitate the progress of plant genetic engineering in modern agriculture.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) genes play key regulatory roles in plant immunity and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and analysis of the CNGC gene family in Suaeda glauca. A total of 44 SgCNGC genes were identified. Through phylogenetic analysis, gene structure analysis, chromosome distribution, conserved motif analysis, collinearity analysis, cis-acting element analysis, subcellular localization, and gene overexpression analysis, we systematically characterized the evolutionary relationships, structural features, and potential functions of this gene family. The results indicate that the SgCNGC gene family is evolutionarily highly conserved but exhibits functional divergence in structure and expression. Furthermore, functional assays revealed that overexpression of SgCNGC13 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to increased salt sensitivity, indicating a negative regulatory role for this gene under salt stress. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the role of the CNGC gene family in the growth, development, and stress response of S. glauca and contribute to the remediation of saline–alkali land.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is known to promote plant growth, yet how the rhizosphere microbiome varies with PQQ concentration remains poorly understood. We applied metagenomic sequencing to characterize the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the tobacco rhizosphere microbiome across PQQ treatments at 0.5, 1 and 2 μmol/L plus an untreated control. The rhizosphere microbiome was dominated by Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota and differed among treatments in a concentration-associated, non-monotonic manner. The most pronounced differences were observed at 1 μmol/L, where alpha diversity showed dimension-specific variation and beta-diversity analysis resolved the most distinct community profile. Taxonomic and functional profiles varied concurrently, with Streptomyces , Sphingomonas , Rhodanobacter and Lysobacter , together with functions related to biosynthesis, energy metabolism, colonization and environmental sensing, showing higher relative abundance at this concentration. No broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect was detected at the community level, and antibiotic resistance gene abundance showed no significant differences among treatments after correction for multiple testing. These findings provide a basis for further evaluation of PQQ in modulating the rhizosphere microbiome in continuous cropping systems. Statement of significance: For the first time in tobacco, we demonstrate that PQQ governs the rhizosphere microbiome in a concentration-associated yet non-monotonic manner, resolving the most distinctive community architecture at 1 μmol/L, where Pseudomonadota and Actinomycetota predominate and alpha diversity shifts dimension-specifically. Notably, taxonomic and functional trajectories co-vary, driving concurrent enrichment of Streptomyces , Sphingomonas , Rhodanobacter and Lysobacter together with functions underpinning biosynthesis, energy metabolism, colonization and environmental sensing. Crucially, the absence of broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and of significant antibiotic resistance gene changes positions PQQ as a novel, microbiome-targeted candidate, supporting its further evaluation in modulating rhizosphere microbiomes in continuous cropping systems.

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), a tropical crop of significant economic value, exhibits temperature-sensitive floral development. Here, we identified 23 TALE transcription factors (PeTALEs) and characterized their roles in floral organogenesis and thermal adaptation. Phylogenetic analysis classified PeTALEs into KNOX and BELL subfamilies, with conserved domain architectures and cis-regulatory elements linked to stress and hormone signaling. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed PeTALE21 as a key regulator of corona initiation, while PeTALE17 dominated in later floral stages. Temperature stress assays demonstrated cold-induced upregulation of PeTALE15/16/19/22 and heat-mediated suppression of PeTALE10/18/21. Yeast two-hybrid assays uncovered functional interactions between PeTALE3/16/18/22/23, highlighting a network governing floral thermoresilience. This study provides the first genome-wide analysis of PeTALEs, offering insights for breeding climate-resilient passion fruit varieties.