Background. We aimed in our study to research the role of new cytokines such as IL-35, IL-22, and IL-17 that may form a target for novel treatment approaches. Methods. IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-35 serum levels of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients were measured using ELISA method. Allergic sensitization was demonstrated by the skin prick test. Patients only with olive tree sensitivity were evaluated for seasonal AR (SAR). Patients only with mite sensitivity were included in the study for perennial AR (PAR). AR clinic severity was demonstrated by the nasal symptom scores (NSS). Results. In total, 65 AR patients (patient group), having 31 PAR and 34 SAR patients, and 31 healthy individuals (control group) participated in the study. Cytokine levels between the patient group and the control group were compared; IL-17 (p=0.038), IL-22 (p=0.001), and TGF-β (p=0.031) were detected as high in the patient group, and IFN-γ (p<0.001) was detected as low in the patient group. When correlation analysis was made between age, gender, prick test result, NSS, AR duration, and cytokine levels in the patient group, a negative correlation was detected only between IFN-γ (p=0.032/r=−0.266) level and NSS. Conclusions. Accompanied by the literature information, these results made us think that T cell subgroups and cytokines have an important role in AR immunopathogenesis. It is thought that future studies to be conducted relating to this subject will form new targets in treatment.

Aim : To contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) by identifying its relationship with autoimmunity and cytokines using the autologous serum skin test (ASST) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture (PBMC) method. Material and methods:...

Management of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remains challenging due to frequent patient refractoriness to high-dose H1-antihistamines, necessitating omalizumab therapy. At diagnosis, reliable and accessible biomarkers are critical to predict which patients will require treatment escalation. This study aimed to evaluate baseline hematological parameters and derive inflammatory indices for their capacity to predict maximum H1-antihistamine dose and subsequent need for omalizumab in a homogenous CSU cohort without major comorbidities. This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 185 adult CSU patients. Baseline inflammatory markers were analyzed relative to the primary outcome of omalizumab requirement and secondary outcome of intensity of antihistamine dose. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses identified independent predictors and optimized cut-off values. Higher baseline levels of inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell count, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), were significantly associated with the need for fourfold antihistamine dosing. Adjusted multivariate analysis identified AISI ≥ 346.8 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.45) as an independent predictor of omalizumab requirement, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) > 7.5 (aOR = 0.24) was identified as an independent protective factor against omalizumab requirement. As a standalone biomarker, AISI demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.733 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.4% at this threshold. In this cohort, baseline AISI was independently associated with omalizumab requirement and appears to be a promising marker that warrants external validation, whereas elevated ESR appears protective. Given the retrospective single-center design, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. A high NPV of the AISI cut-off suggests potential clinical utility for ruling out patients unlikely to require treatment escalation.