Francesco Costa is an Assistant Professor of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiologist at Messina University Hospital, Italy. He obtained his medical degree and residency in Cardiology with Summa cum Laude at the University of Messina, Italy. He completed a research fellowship in Interventional Cardiology and obtained the title of Ph.D. at Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in 2018. He trained and achieved a Master's Degree in interventional cardiology at the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, Spain. He completed a second Ph.D. in Cardiology at the University of Messina in 2020. He has authored or co-authored many manuscripts published in high-impact international journals and several book chapters and has presented his research at prominent international congresses. He has been part of the task force of the European Society of Cardiology for the guidelines on dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease published in 2017, the Academic Research Consortium for Non-adherence in Clinical Trials published in 2019, and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Intervention task force for antithrombotic therapy in Women in 2022.