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Prof. Sung-Ho Hwang
Sungkyunkwan University, School of Mechanical Engineering

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0 Virtual Simulation
0 Autonomous Vehicle Control
0 Hybrid vehicle control
0 hydraulic actuation control
0 Electric vehicle modeling

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Journal article
Published: 21 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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According to SAE J3016, autonomous driving can be divided into six levels, and partially automated driving is possible from level three up. A partially or highly automated vehicle can encounter situations involving total system failure. Here, we studied a strategy for safe takeover in such situations. A human-in-the-loop simulator, driver–vehicle interface, and driver monitoring system were developed, and takeover experiments were performed using various driving scenarios and realistic autonomous driving situations. The experiments allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The visual–auditory–haptic complex alarm effectively delivered warnings and had a clear correlation with the user’s subjective preferences. There were scenario types in which the system had to immediately enter minimum risk maneuvers or emergency maneuvers without requesting takeover. Lastly, the risk of accidents can be reduced by the driver monitoring system that prevents the driver from being completely immersed in non-driving-related tasks. We proposed a safe takeover strategy from these results, which provides meaningful guidance for the development of autonomous vehicles. Considering the subjective questionnaire evaluations of users, it is expected to improve the acceptance of autonomous vehicles and increase the adoption of autonomous vehicles.

ACS Style

Dongyeon Yu; Chanho Park; Hoseung Choi; Donggyu Kim; Sung-Ho Hwang. Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6685 .

AMA Style

Dongyeon Yu, Chanho Park, Hoseung Choi, Donggyu Kim, Sung-Ho Hwang. Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):6685.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dongyeon Yu; Chanho Park; Hoseung Choi; Donggyu Kim; Sung-Ho Hwang. 2021. "Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver–Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 6685.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Energies
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In a battery-electric vehicle, a representative electric vehicle, there is a growing demand for performance and one-charge mileage improvement. As an alternative to such improvements, the capacity of the battery has been increased; however, due to the corresponding increase in the weight of the battery and the limited space in the vehicle, increasing the capacity of the battery also has limitations. Therefore, researches are being actively conducted to improve system operation efficiency to overcome such limitations. This paper proposes a distributing method of the driving forces to a battery-powered electric shuttle bus for last-mile mobility equipped with the decentralized driving system while taking into account voltage changes of the input terminals due to changes in the battery charge. The system operation efficiency changes were compared and evaluated by performing energy consumption analysis using ‘Manhattan Bus Driving Cycle’ at low voltage condition (SOC 20%). Various analyzes were performed and compared, such as the uniform distribution method of driving forces of the front and rear wheels (Uniform), the optimization method without considering the input terminal voltage change (Vnorm = 90 V), and the optimization method considering the input terminal voltage change (Vdclink). As a result, it shows that the proposed algorithm can improve 6.0% compared to the conventional uniform driving force distribution method (Uniform). Moreover, it shows that the real-time optimization method without considering the input voltage change (Vnorm = 90 V) can improve 5.3% compared to the uniform distribution method. The proposed method can obtain an additional 0.7% increase in total cost compared to the existing optimization method, which shows that the vehicle system has cost-effectiveness by reducing the battery capacity required to achieve the same mileage.

ACS Style

In-Gyu Jang; Chung-Seong Lee; Sung-Ho Hwang. Energy Optimization of Electric Vehicles by Distributing Driving Power Considering System State Changes. Energies 2021, 14, 594 .

AMA Style

In-Gyu Jang, Chung-Seong Lee, Sung-Ho Hwang. Energy Optimization of Electric Vehicles by Distributing Driving Power Considering System State Changes. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

In-Gyu Jang; Chung-Seong Lee; Sung-Ho Hwang. 2021. "Energy Optimization of Electric Vehicles by Distributing Driving Power Considering System State Changes." Energies 14, no. 3: 594.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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ACS Style

Jae-Hoon Han; Ho-Un Jeong; Sung-Ho Hwang. Design of Gear Shift Map for Automatic Transmission considering Transmission Efficiency. Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2019, 27, 611 -617.

AMA Style

Jae-Hoon Han, Ho-Un Jeong, Sung-Ho Hwang. Design of Gear Shift Map for Automatic Transmission considering Transmission Efficiency. Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers. 2019; 27 (8):611-617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jae-Hoon Han; Ho-Un Jeong; Sung-Ho Hwang. 2019. "Design of Gear Shift Map for Automatic Transmission considering Transmission Efficiency." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 27, no. 8: 611-617.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Energies
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In this paper, an integrated torque distribution strategy was developed to improve the stability and efficiency of the vehicle. To improve the stability of the low friction road surface, the vertical and lateral forces of the vehicle were estimated and the estimated forces were used to determine the driving torque limit. A turning stability index comprised of vehicle velocity and desired yaw rate was proposed to examine the driving stability of the vehicle while turning. The proposed index was used to subdivide turning situations and propose a torque distribution strategy, which can minimize deceleration of the vehicle while securing turning stability. The torque distribution strategy for increased driving stability and efficiency was used to create an integrated torque distribution (ITD) strategy. A vehicle stability index based on the slip rate and turning stability index was proposed to determine the overall driving stability of the vehicle, and the proposed index was used as a weight factor that determines the intervention of the control strategy for increased efficiency and driving stability. The simulation and actual vehicle test were carried out to verify the performance of the developed ITD. From these results, it can be verified that the proposed torque distribution strategy helps solve the poor handling performance problems of in-wheel electric vehicles.

ACS Style

Jinhyun Park; Ingyu Jang; Sung-Ho Hwang. Torque Distribution Algorithm for an Independently Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Fuzzy Control Method: Driving Stability and Efficiency. Energies 2018, 11, 3479 .

AMA Style

Jinhyun Park, Ingyu Jang, Sung-Ho Hwang. Torque Distribution Algorithm for an Independently Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Fuzzy Control Method: Driving Stability and Efficiency. Energies. 2018; 11 (12):3479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinhyun Park; Ingyu Jang; Sung-Ho Hwang. 2018. "Torque Distribution Algorithm for an Independently Driven Electric Vehicle Using a Fuzzy Control Method: Driving Stability and Efficiency." Energies 11, no. 12: 3479.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
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The maintenance and renewal of ballasted track can be optimized in terms of time and cost if a proper statistical model of track deterioration is derived from previous maintenance history and measurement data. In this regard, quite a few models with simplified assumptions on the parameters have been suggested for the deterioration of ballasted track. Meanwhile, data driven models such as the artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR), which are basic ingredients of machine learning (ML) technology, were introduced in this study to better represent the deterioration phenomena of track segments so that the results can be directly plugged into the optimization schemes. For this purpose, the influential parameters of track deterioration have been selected based on the maintenance history, and two ML models have been studied to find the best combination of input parameters. Through numerical experiments, it was found that at least 2 years of maintenance data were needed in our case to obtain a stable prediction of track deterioration.

ACS Style

Jun S. Lee; Sung Ho Hwang; Il Yoon Choi; In Kyum Kim. Prediction of Track Deterioration Using Maintenance Data and Machine Learning Schemes. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 2018, 144, 04018045 .

AMA Style

Jun S. Lee, Sung Ho Hwang, Il Yoon Choi, In Kyum Kim. Prediction of Track Deterioration Using Maintenance Data and Machine Learning Schemes. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems. 2018; 144 (9):04018045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun S. Lee; Sung Ho Hwang; Il Yoon Choi; In Kyum Kim. 2018. "Prediction of Track Deterioration Using Maintenance Data and Machine Learning Schemes." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 144, no. 9: 04018045.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2018 in Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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ACS Style

Bongsik Park; Yeong-Tae Choi; Sung Ho Hwang. Evaluation of Apparent Track Stiffness According to Loading Level - Light-Weight Deflectometer and Train Loading -. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 2018, 21, 690 -700.

AMA Style

Bongsik Park, Yeong-Tae Choi, Sung Ho Hwang. Evaluation of Apparent Track Stiffness According to Loading Level - Light-Weight Deflectometer and Train Loading -. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway. 2018; 21 (7):690-700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bongsik Park; Yeong-Tae Choi; Sung Ho Hwang. 2018. "Evaluation of Apparent Track Stiffness According to Loading Level - Light-Weight Deflectometer and Train Loading -." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 21, no. 7: 690-700.

Original articles
Published: 17 August 2018 in Aerosol Science and Technology
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The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of filters used in asbestos control systems, such as those used at asbestos removal sites. We evaluated the melt-blown (MB) filter media for their asbestos removal efficiencies. The filter grades were based on the ISO and European standards (EN 1822) of E12 (≥99.5% collection efficiency) and H13 (≥99.95% collection efficiency) with a size of <0.2 μm asbestos diameter. Based on test chamber experiments, the asbestos removal efficiency of the grade H13 MB filter (99.974%) was higher than that of the E12 grade MB filter (97.120%). In addition, the lowest level of pressure drop was observed in the case with a 3.8 mm pitch interval. The concentrations of airborne asbestos based on phase contrast microscopy in the sites with asbestos concentrations presenting high risks before turning on the asbestos control system was 0.038 fiber cm−3 at demolition site A and 0.027 fiber cm−3 at demolition site B. Chrysotile asbestos was detected at both demolition sites A and B before turning on the system, but were not detected after using the system. Therefore, MB filters present an efficient alternative to current commercial filters and should be considered for use in asbestos removal applications. © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research

ACS Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Jaehoon Roh; Chanjung Park; Jongcheol Kim; Byong Hyoek Lee; Wha Me Park. Reducing the risk of particulate matter containing asbestos using a high-efficiency, low-differential pressure system. Aerosol Science and Technology 2018, 52, 1005 -1011.

AMA Style

Sung Ho Hwang, Jaehoon Roh, Chanjung Park, Jongcheol Kim, Byong Hyoek Lee, Wha Me Park. Reducing the risk of particulate matter containing asbestos using a high-efficiency, low-differential pressure system. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2018; 52 (9):1005-1011.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Jaehoon Roh; Chanjung Park; Jongcheol Kim; Byong Hyoek Lee; Wha Me Park. 2018. "Reducing the risk of particulate matter containing asbestos using a high-efficiency, low-differential pressure system." Aerosol Science and Technology 52, no. 9: 1005-1011.

Research article
Published: 09 August 2018 in Textile Research Journal
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In this study, we synthesized cross-linked poly methyl methacrylate beads and cross-linked fluorinated poly methacryalte copolymer (F-cPMMA) beads by the dispersion polymerization method with methyl methacrylate monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 2,2,2-trifuloroethyl methacrylate. The size of cross-linked PMMA and F-cPMMA beads was about 100 nm. Then we developed a new geometrical high-hydrophobic film by embedding the F-cPMMA nanobeads on polyurethane (PU) film. The PU film containing fluorinated poly methacryalte copolymer beads showed a greater hydrophobic property than the non-fluorinated one in the range of 1–10 wt.%. For the purpose of industrial application of the PU films, we applied 0.1–1 wt.% of beads on the fabric by the laminating method. The PU film containing 1 wt.% of fluorinated poly methacryalte copolymer beads, which was laminated onto nylon fabric, showed the best performance of hydrophobic property (water contact angle, 79°) and moisture vapor transmission rate (8797 g·m–2·24 h).

ACS Style

Sung-Ho Hwang; Seong Hui Hong; Young Kwang Kim; Won Wook Jeong; Oh Kyung Kwon; Sang Kyoo Lim. Preparation of hydrophobic fabric using cross-linked fluorinated poly methacryalte copolymer nanobeads. Textile Research Journal 2018, 89, 2057 -2066.

AMA Style

Sung-Ho Hwang, Seong Hui Hong, Young Kwang Kim, Won Wook Jeong, Oh Kyung Kwon, Sang Kyoo Lim. Preparation of hydrophobic fabric using cross-linked fluorinated poly methacryalte copolymer nanobeads. Textile Research Journal. 2018; 89 (11):2057-2066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Ho Hwang; Seong Hui Hong; Young Kwang Kim; Won Wook Jeong; Oh Kyung Kwon; Sang Kyoo Lim. 2018. "Preparation of hydrophobic fabric using cross-linked fluorinated poly methacryalte copolymer nanobeads." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 11: 2057-2066.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Chemosphere
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Levels of airborne endotoxins and particulate matter less than 10 μm and 2.5 μm in diameter (PM) were measured in the air vents of subway stations in Seoul, South Korea, and factors affecting both pollutants were analyzed. The measurements were completed from March 2016 to February 2017 for eight air vents situated at the ground level around the subway stations. A total of 166 air samples were collected and analyzed using the kinetic limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Endotoxin levels ranged from not detected to 1.986 EU m−3, with a mean of 0.227 EU m−3. The results showed significantly different PM levels from the measurements reported by AIRKOREA as part of the comprehensive air quality index. This can be attributed to different sampling sites in the same area. Endotoxin levels tended to be higher in fall compared to summer. Airborne bacteria levels showed a pattern similar to the endotoxin levels, but no significant association was reported between them. The levels of endotoxins around air vents with a glass cover and streets that allowed smoking were significantly higher than those not containing a walled barrier and streets in which smoking was prohibited. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the factors affecting endotoxin levels comprised air vents with a glass cover (coefficient = 0.106, p = 0.014) and season (coefficient = 0.062, p < 0.0001). Therefore, installing barriers on the air vents and prohibiting smoking in streets to which the vents open may be effective ways to lessen exposure to airborne endotoxin levels around air vents.

ACS Style

Wha Me Park; Dong Uk Park; Sung Ho Hwang. Factors affecting ambient endotoxin and particulate matter concentrations around air vents of subway stations in South Korea. Chemosphere 2018, 205, 45 -51.

AMA Style

Wha Me Park, Dong Uk Park, Sung Ho Hwang. Factors affecting ambient endotoxin and particulate matter concentrations around air vents of subway stations in South Korea. Chemosphere. 2018; 205 ():45-51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wha Me Park; Dong Uk Park; Sung Ho Hwang. 2018. "Factors affecting ambient endotoxin and particulate matter concentrations around air vents of subway stations in South Korea." Chemosphere 205, no. : 45-51.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2018 in Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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ACS Style

Younggap Kim; Chanho Park; Dongyeon Yu; So-Yeon Jeon; Sung-Ho Hwang. Development of Steering Assist System for Emergency Steering Avoidance. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 2018, 42, 437 -444.

AMA Style

Younggap Kim, Chanho Park, Dongyeon Yu, So-Yeon Jeon, Sung-Ho Hwang. Development of Steering Assist System for Emergency Steering Avoidance. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A. 2018; 42 (5):437-444.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Younggap Kim; Chanho Park; Dongyeon Yu; So-Yeon Jeon; Sung-Ho Hwang. 2018. "Development of Steering Assist System for Emergency Steering Avoidance." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 42, no. 5: 437-444.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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ACS Style

Byeong Choon Goo; Sung Ho Hwang; Soon Yang Choi; Young Jin Lee. Worn-Wheel Restoration by Welding and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 2018, 21, 241 -248.

AMA Style

Byeong Choon Goo, Sung Ho Hwang, Soon Yang Choi, Young Jin Lee. Worn-Wheel Restoration by Welding and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway. 2018; 21 (3):241-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Byeong Choon Goo; Sung Ho Hwang; Soon Yang Choi; Young Jin Lee. 2018. "Worn-Wheel Restoration by Welding and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 21, no. 3: 241-248.

Article
Published: 06 April 2018 in International Journal of Automotive Technology
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−Vehicle dynamic control (VDC) systems play an important role with regard to vehicle stability and safety when turning. VDC systems prevent vehicles from spinning or slipping when cornering sharply by controlling vehicle yaw moment, which is generated by braking forces. Thus, it is important to control braking forces depending on the driving conditions of the vehicle. The required yaw moment to stabilize a vehicle is calculated through optimal control and a combination of braking forces used to generate the calculated yaw moment. However, braking forces can change due to frictional coefficients being affected by variations in temperature. This can cause vehicles to experience stability problems due an improper yaw moment being applied to the vehicle. In this paper, a brake temperature estimator based on the finite different method (FDM) was proposed with a friction coefficient estimator in order to solve this problem. The developed braking characteristic estimation model was used to develop a VDC cooperative control algorithm using hydraulic braking and the regenerative braking of an in-wheel motor. Performance simulations of the developed cooperative control algorithm were performed through cosimulation with MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. From the simulation results, it was verified that vehicle stability was ensured despite any changes in the braking characteristics due to brake temperatures.

ACS Style

Jinhyun Park; Minho Kwon; Gwangil Du; Jeewook Huh; Sung-Ho Hwang. Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems. International Journal of Automotive Technology 2018, 19, 559 -569.

AMA Style

Jinhyun Park, Minho Kwon, Gwangil Du, Jeewook Huh, Sung-Ho Hwang. Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems. International Journal of Automotive Technology. 2018; 19 (3):559-569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinhyun Park; Minho Kwon; Gwangil Du; Jeewook Huh; Sung-Ho Hwang. 2018. "Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems." International Journal of Automotive Technology 19, no. 3: 559-569.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
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Although reliability centered maintenance (RCM) has been used widely in the maintenance and renewal (M&R) of railway infrastructures, M&R methods and maintenance frequencies still require considerable study to obtain information on optimum decisions. Recently, various attempts have been made to optimize the maintenance works in railway engineering, although a decision support system on selecting the maintenance or renewal works has not been suggested distinctly. Therefore, a genetic algorithm on the basis of the nondominated sorting method (NSGA) was used in this study to optimize the biobjective functions on M&R interventions and costs. The results showed that the optimum frequency of M&R could be determined using the NSGA method with various constraints. Moreover, field application of the suggested method also was considered. Future work will be concentrated on the systematic approach of the decision support model with RCM and the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system of the infrastructure manager (IM).

ACS Style

Jun S. Lee; Il Yoon Choi; In Kyum Kim; Sung Ho Hwang. Tamping and Renewal Optimization of Ballasted Track Using Track Measurement Data and Genetic Algorithm. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 2018, 144, 04017081 .

AMA Style

Jun S. Lee, Il Yoon Choi, In Kyum Kim, Sung Ho Hwang. Tamping and Renewal Optimization of Ballasted Track Using Track Measurement Data and Genetic Algorithm. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems. 2018; 144 (3):04017081.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun S. Lee; Il Yoon Choi; In Kyum Kim; Sung Ho Hwang. 2018. "Tamping and Renewal Optimization of Ballasted Track Using Track Measurement Data and Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 144, no. 3: 04017081.

Research article
Published: 28 February 2018 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
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We investigated the dynamic behavior of a railway ballast layer during tamping operation by 3D Discrete Element simulations. The ballast layer was prepared with ballast grains that had a realistic shape and was measured by a laser scanner and modeled by clumped spheres using the dynamic optimization technique. Three types of sleeper models that were embedded in the ballast layer were prepared, and a series of tamping operations (lifting of the sleeper, insertion of vibrating tines and packing, pulling out of tines, and settling of the sleeper) were simulated in a realistic manner. The compaction underneath the sleeper mainly occurred during the insertion of tines and the packing process, while the tine insertion zone was eventually loosened after the tines were pulled out. The final porosity differs with different sleeper models and packing process periods. On the other hand, the coordination number (the number of inter-granular contacts per grain) drastically decreased during the insertion of the vibrating tines and the packing process; then, it recovered to the original value after the tines were pulled out. This change is important to identify the extent of ballast grain agitation due to the processes. The contact force network is sensitive to the applied loading and the place where the tines are inserted, and the resulting force network localization at the final state can be understood by the Coulomb’s earth pressure theory. The degree of heterogeneity may be the key to the long-term stability of the ballast layer under repeated train wheel loading.

ACS Style

Dae Sang Kim; Sung Ho Hwang; Akiko Kono; Takashi Matsushima. Evaluation of ballast compactness during the tamping process by using an image-based 3D discrete element method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 2018, 232, 1951 -1964.

AMA Style

Dae Sang Kim, Sung Ho Hwang, Akiko Kono, Takashi Matsushima. Evaluation of ballast compactness during the tamping process by using an image-based 3D discrete element method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 2018; 232 (7):1951-1964.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dae Sang Kim; Sung Ho Hwang; Akiko Kono; Takashi Matsushima. 2018. "Evaluation of ballast compactness during the tamping process by using an image-based 3D discrete element method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 7: 1951-1964.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Energies
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This paper presents an advanced rule-based mode control strategy (ARBC) for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) considering the driving cycle characteristics and present battery state of charge (SOC). Using dynamic programming (DP) results, the behavior of the optimal operating mode was investigated for city (UDDS×2, JC08 ×2) and highway (HWFET ×2, NEDC ×2) driving cycles. It was found that the operating mode selection varies according to the driving cycle characteristics and battery SOC. To consider these characteristics, a predictive mode control map was developed using the machine learning algorithm, and ARBC was proposed, which can be implemented in real-time environments. The performance of ARBC was evaluated by comparing it with rule-based mode control (RBC), which is a CD-CS mode control strategy. It was found that the equivalent fuel economy of ARBC was improved by 1.9–3.3% by selecting the proper operating mode from the viewpoint of system efficiency for the whole driving cycle, regardless of the battery SOC.

ACS Style

Hanho Son; Hyunhwa Kim; Sungho Hwang; Hyunsoo Kim. Development of an Advanced Rule-Based Control Strategy for a PHEV Using Machine Learning. Energies 2018, 11, 89 .

AMA Style

Hanho Son, Hyunhwa Kim, Sungho Hwang, Hyunsoo Kim. Development of an Advanced Rule-Based Control Strategy for a PHEV Using Machine Learning. Energies. 2018; 11 (1):89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanho Son; Hyunhwa Kim; Sungho Hwang; Hyunsoo Kim. 2018. "Development of an Advanced Rule-Based Control Strategy for a PHEV Using Machine Learning." Energies 11, no. 1: 89.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
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In this study, the environmental factors that affect radon (Rn) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in subway-station underground platforms are evaluated, and the outdoor NO2 levels are compared with those obtained for the underground platforms. The Rn and NO2 levels from May 2013 to September 2015 are determined for lines 1-4 of the Seoul Metro, via calculation of the arithmetic means of the Rn and NO2 levels with their standard deviations (SDs). The underground Rn levels in 2013 are found to be significantly higher than those recorded in 2015 for the Seoul Metro. In addition, the Rn levels are related to the station depth and construction year. Further, the underground NO2 levels are shown to be significantly higher than the outdoor levels for all four Seoul Metro subway lines. The Rn levels are also found to vary significantly between months, and are shown to increase gradually with depth from 8 to 20 m. The Rn levels are also higher for stations constructed in the 1980s. Therefore, stricter monitoring of Rn level may be required for stations constructed in the 1980s and/or having platform depths within the 8-20 m range. Island-type platform stations based on granite areas may also require careful attention.

ACS Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Jae Bum Park; Wha Me Park. Radon and NO 2 levels and related environmental factors in 100 underground subway platforms over two-year period. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2018, 181, 102 -108.

AMA Style

Sung Ho Hwang, Jae Bum Park, Wha Me Park. Radon and NO 2 levels and related environmental factors in 100 underground subway platforms over two-year period. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2018; 181 ():102-108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Jae Bum Park; Wha Me Park. 2018. "Radon and NO 2 levels and related environmental factors in 100 underground subway platforms over two-year period." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 181, no. : 102-108.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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ACS Style

Eun-Young Kang; Hwan Seok Yong; Cherry Kim; Ki Yeol Lee; Sung Ho Hwang; Yu-Whan Oh. A Radiologic Overview of Aspiration-Induced Lung Disease in Adults. Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2018, 79, 218 -226.

AMA Style

Eun-Young Kang, Hwan Seok Yong, Cherry Kim, Ki Yeol Lee, Sung Ho Hwang, Yu-Whan Oh. A Radiologic Overview of Aspiration-Induced Lung Disease in Adults. Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology. 2018; 79 (4):218-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eun-Young Kang; Hwan Seok Yong; Cherry Kim; Ki Yeol Lee; Sung Ho Hwang; Yu-Whan Oh. 2018. "A Radiologic Overview of Aspiration-Induced Lung Disease in Adults." Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 79, no. 4: 218-226.

Article
Published: 05 December 2017 in Advanced Sustainable Systems
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A mechanoluminescent fiber that is capable of emitting light and can potentially be powered by human motion instead of a battery is demonstrated by Soon Moon Jeong, Sang Kyoo Lim, and co-workers in article number 1700126. The cover image shows that the mechanoluminescent light is generated by dynamic human motions inducing mechanical stress in a mechanoluminescent fabric, not by electricity, a development which is expected to enable environmentally friendly and sustainable light.

ACS Style

Soon Moon Jeong; Seongkyu Song; Hye‐Jin Seo; Won Mi Choi; Sung‐Ho Hwang; Se Geun Lee; Sang Kyoo Lim. Smart Fibers: Battery-Free, Human-Motion-Powered Light-Emitting Fabric: Mechanoluminescent Textile (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 12/2017). Advanced Sustainable Systems 2017, 1, 1 .

AMA Style

Soon Moon Jeong, Seongkyu Song, Hye‐Jin Seo, Won Mi Choi, Sung‐Ho Hwang, Se Geun Lee, Sang Kyoo Lim. Smart Fibers: Battery-Free, Human-Motion-Powered Light-Emitting Fabric: Mechanoluminescent Textile (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 12/2017). Advanced Sustainable Systems. 2017; 1 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soon Moon Jeong; Seongkyu Song; Hye‐Jin Seo; Won Mi Choi; Sung‐Ho Hwang; Se Geun Lee; Sang Kyoo Lim. 2017. "Smart Fibers: Battery-Free, Human-Motion-Powered Light-Emitting Fabric: Mechanoluminescent Textile (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 12/2017)." Advanced Sustainable Systems 1, no. 12: 1.

Original paper
Published: 21 November 2017 in Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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This study evaluates the effect of air pollution caused by cement plants on nearby residential areas and performs an exposure assessment of particulate matter (PM) and total Cr, Cr(6+), Pb, and Al. Further, the blood Cr levels of residents exposed to PM released by cement plants are also assessed. Nine buildings (eight residential and one elementary school building) close to cement plants were selected for this study, which were located in Pyeongtaek port, in west of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. A total of 51 suspended particulate samples were collected at a flow rate of 2.0 L/min. Total Cr was more widely detected in residents' houses and elementary schools. PM levels were higher at distances of 4.1 and 4.8 km than those at closer distances of 2.7 km. This was due to the influence of wind direction. The estimated mean blood level of Cr for the study participants was 3.80 μg/L, which is higher than levels estimated by other studies on Cr blood levels. Therefore, cement plants could cause an increase in total Cr and blood Cr levels in residential areas, and more continuous monitoring is necessary to better understand their impacts.

ACS Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Jae Bum Park; Kyung Jong Lee. Exposure assessment of particulate matter and blood chromium levels in people living near a cement plant. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2017, 40, 1237 -1246.

AMA Style

Sung Ho Hwang, Jae Bum Park, Kyung Jong Lee. Exposure assessment of particulate matter and blood chromium levels in people living near a cement plant. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2017; 40 (4):1237-1246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Jae Bum Park; Kyung Jong Lee. 2017. "Exposure assessment of particulate matter and blood chromium levels in people living near a cement plant." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 40, no. 4: 1237-1246.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Atmospheric Environment
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ACS Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Wha Me Park; Jae Bum Park; Taegyun Nam. Characteristics of PM10 and CO2 concentrations on 100 underground subway station platforms in 2014 and 2015. Atmospheric Environment 2017, 167, 143 -149.

AMA Style

Sung Ho Hwang, Wha Me Park, Jae Bum Park, Taegyun Nam. Characteristics of PM10 and CO2 concentrations on 100 underground subway station platforms in 2014 and 2015. Atmospheric Environment. 2017; 167 ():143-149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung Ho Hwang; Wha Me Park; Jae Bum Park; Taegyun Nam. 2017. "Characteristics of PM10 and CO2 concentrations on 100 underground subway station platforms in 2014 and 2015." Atmospheric Environment 167, no. : 143-149.